Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff–Dynkin Formula for the Lie Algebra of Rigid Body Displacements

The paper proposes, for the first time, a closed form of the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff–Dynkin (BCHD) formula in the particular case of the Lie algebra of rigid body displacements. For this purpose, the structure of the Lie group of the rigid body displacements S E ( 3 ) and the properties of its Lie algebra s e ( 3 ) are used. In addition, a new solution to this problem in dual Lie algebra of dual vectors is delivered using the isomorphism between the Lie group S E ( 3 ) and the Lie group of the orthogonal dual tensors

Pathological Mechanisms and Additional Factors Involved in Complex Neck Traumatology

Background. Cervical trauma can be closed or open, have different degrees of severity, incidence rates, prevalence, or mortality, with variations in the presence of demographic factors. The different types of traumatic injuries have a certain pattern of occurrence depending on criteria related to sex, age, alcohol consumption, and socio-demographic factors. Increasing the rate of trauma is becoming a public health problem and it is necessary to study their epidemiology and implement control strategies. Aims. The objectives of the study are to establish the particularities of epidemiological, morphopathological, and pathophysiological factors involved in complex neck traumatology. Methods. The study group consisted of 384 patients, representative for the population of Moldova, who presented at the ENT Clinic, Hospital “St. Spiridon” Iași and the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Iași during 2012–2016, with complex cervical trauma pathology, produced by various mechanisms, such as car accidents, domestic accidents, aggressions, ballistic trauma, self-inflicted attempts, hanging or strangulation. Data were collected from autopsy reports and medical records. Results. Complex cervical trauma occurs with a predisposition in males, with an average age of 43 years, from rural areas. The mechanism of cervical trauma is predominantly self-inflicted—hanging in 78.4% of the total number of cases, followed by 14.8% of stabbing aggression. The majority of neck injuries, both open and closed, are located in anatomical zone II (73.6%), vascular and pharyngeal are produced by stabbing. Psychiatric disorders and blood alcohol levels are correlated with complex cervical trauma caused by self-inflicted mechanism—hanging and can be considered a predictive factor of suicide attempts. Conclusions. Overall, the vast majority of closed neck injuries were caused by the self-inflicted mechanism, attempted suicide by hanging, followed by the accidental mechanism. Regarding the penetrating complex aero-digestive cervical traumas, they were mostly produced by stabbing both in aggression and self-inflicted circumstances. Aggravating addictive factors such as alcoholism and mental disorders require a competent assessment in terms of the indication of institutionalized treatment, prevention of repeated self-inflicted attempts, or social reintegration

Pathological Mechanisms and Additional Factors Involved in Complex Neck Traumatology

Background. Cervical trauma can be closed or open, have different degrees of severity, incidence rates, prevalence, or mortality, with variations in the presence of demographic factors. The different types of traumatic injuries have a certain pattern of occurrence depending on criteria related to sex, age, alcohol consumption, and socio-demographic factors. Increasing the rate of trauma is becoming a public health problem and it is necessary to study their epidemiology and implement control strategies. Aims. The objectives of the study are to establish the particularities of epidemiological, morphopathological, and pathophysiological factors involved in complex neck traumatology. Methods. The study group consisted of 384 patients, representative for the population of Moldova, who presented at the ENT Clinic, Hospital “St. Spiridon” Iași and the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Iași during 2012–2016, with complex cervical trauma pathology, produced by various mechanisms, such as car accidents, domestic accidents, aggressions, ballistic trauma, self-inflicted attempts, hanging or strangulation. Data were collected from autopsy reports and medical records. Results. Complex cervical trauma occurs with a predisposition in males, with an average age of 43 years, from rural areas. The mechanism of cervical trauma is predominantly self-inflicted—hanging in 78.4% of the total number of cases, followed by 14.8% of stabbing aggression. The majority of neck injuries, both open and closed, are located in anatomical zone II (73.6%), vascular and pharyngeal are produced by stabbing. Psychiatric disorders and blood alcohol levels are correlated with complex cervical trauma caused by self-inflicted mechanism—hanging and can be considered a predictive factor of suicide attempts. Conclusions. Overall, the vast majority of closed neck injuries were caused by the self-inflicted mechanism, attempted suicide by hanging, followed by the accidental mechanism. Regarding the penetrating complex aero-digestive cervical traumas, they were mostly produced by stabbing both in aggression and self-inflicted circumstances. Aggravating addictive factors such as alcoholism and mental disorders require a competent assessment in terms of the indication of institutionalized treatment, prevention of repeated self-inflicted attempts, or social reintegration

Postmortem Diagnosis of Ketoacidosis by Determining Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Three Types of Body Fluids by Two Different Methods

Background: Postmortem assessment of endogenous ketoacidosis is primarily focused on the determination of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The aim of our study was to identify the most adequate body fluid and postmortem quantification method for assessing ketoacidosis status immediately prior to death. Material and method: We performed a prospective study on 53 cases of sudden death or in-hospital death that were considered forensic cases and could present a state of ketoacidosis prior to death, the autopsies being performed at a post-mortem interval of 24–72 h. BHB analysis was performed by Multi-Functional Monitoring System XPER Technology analyzer (method A—portable analyzer) for peripheral blood, and by BHB Assay MAK041 Kit (method B) for vitreous humor (VH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results: We identified 11 ketoacidosis cases using method A and 9 ketoacidosis cases using method B. All nine cases of ketoacidosis identified using the MAK041 kit were confirmed with the portable analyzer. For the 2 cases of ketoacidosis identified only with the portable analyzer, the values obtained by method B were at the diagnostic limit. BHB concentrations determined in VH and CSF by method B were statistically significantly correlated with each other and with peripheral blood BHB concentration. Conclusion: BHB, a marker of ketoacidosis, should be determined post-mortem whenever a metabolic imbalance is suspected irrespective of known risk factors or obvious morphological substrate to help establish the thanatogenic mechanism. BHB quantification can easily be performed using a handheld automatic analyzer and a sample of peripheral blood as BHB levels in various body fluids correlate with each other

Stress and Burnout among Medical Specialists in Romania: A Comparative Study of Clinical and Surgical Physicians

This study, which focuses on 227 participants (196 females and 31 males) comprising 187 clinical specialists and 40 surgical physicians, examines the prevalence of burnout in medical specialists. We investigate the effects of the emotional exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (D), and personal accomplishment (PA) dimensions on professional satisfaction and plans to change careers using the modified licensed Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS (MP)). High emotional exhaustion is reported by 52.63% of men and 71.28% of women in the clinical medicine group (n = 188). In the surgical specialties (n = 39), scores are significantly higher, with 75% of men and 77.77% of women reporting EE. In our sample group, 71.36% express high levels of emotional exhaustion, with similar patterns across specialization and gender. Clinical medicine respondents report high degrees of depersonalization in 33.13% of females and 21.05% of males, while surgical specialty respondents report high levels in 33.33% of females and 50% of males. Across genders and specializations, 33.03% of all respondents show high levels of depersonalization. Clinical medicine participants report high levels of personal accomplishment (42.60% of females and 42.10% of males), whereas surgical specialties report 44.44% of females and 66.66% of male on the PA dimension. Of the total number of respondents, 44.05% report having a high level of personal accomplishment; differences exist depending on specialty and gender. In addition, questions regarding professional fulfilment and intention to change careers were presented to the participants. A total of 53.40% (16 male and 105 female) of the clinical medicine respondents said they intended to change careers, while 33 participants (9 male, 34 female) doubted if they would remain in the same specialization. Furthermore, 86 individuals (9 male and 77 female) in the surgical specialties said they would never choose to work in healthcare again. Regression analysis suggests that being male, higher in age, and working in surgical specialties with lower job satisfaction and a higher intention to change profession are associated with higher levels of EE. Age and work satisfaction are significant predictors of depersonalization, and higher career satisfaction is associated with increased levels of PA

Postmortem Diagnosis of Ketoacidosis by Determining Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Three Types of Body Fluids by Two Different Methods

Background: Postmortem assessment of endogenous ketoacidosis is primarily focused on the determination of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The aim of our study was to identify the most adequate body fluid and postmortem quantification method for assessing ketoacidosis status immediately prior to death. Material and method: We performed a prospective study on 53 cases of sudden death or in-hospital death that were considered forensic cases and could present a state of ketoacidosis prior to death, the autopsies being performed at a post-mortem interval of 24–72 h. BHB analysis was performed by Multi-Functional Monitoring System XPER Technology analyzer (method A—portable analyzer) for peripheral blood, and by BHB Assay MAK041 Kit (method B) for vitreous humor (VH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results: We identified 11 ketoacidosis cases using method A and 9 ketoacidosis cases using method B. All nine cases of ketoacidosis identified using the MAK041 kit were confirmed with the portable analyzer. For the 2 cases of ketoacidosis identified only with the portable analyzer, the values obtained by method B were at the diagnostic limit. BHB concentrations determined in VH and CSF by method B were statistically significantly correlated with each other and with peripheral blood BHB concentration. Conclusion: BHB, a marker of ketoacidosis, should be determined post-mortem whenever a metabolic imbalance is suspected irrespective of known risk factors or obvious morphological substrate to help establish the thanatogenic mechanism. BHB quantification can easily be performed using a handheld automatic analyzer and a sample of peripheral blood as BHB levels in various body fluids correlate with each other