Findings of an experimental study in a rabbit model on posterior capsule opacification after implantation of hydrophobic acrylic and hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses

Nikolaos Trakos1, Elli Ioachim2, Elena Tsanou2, Miltiadis Aspiotis1, Konstantinos Psilas1, Chris Kalogeropoulos11University Eye Clinic of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; 2Pathology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GreecePurpose: Study on cell growth on the posterior capsule after implantation of hydrophobic acrylic (Acrysof SA 60 AT) and hydrophilic acrylic (Akreos Disc) intraocular lenses (IOL) in a rabbit model and comparison of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).Methods: Phacoemulsification was performed in 22 rabbit eyes, and two different IOL types (Acrysof SA60 AT and Akreos Disc) were implanted. These IOLs had the same optic geometry (square edged) but different material and design. Central PCO (CPCO), peripheral PCO (PPCO), Sommering’s ring (SR) formation, type of growth, extension of PCO, cell type, inhibition, and fibrosis were evaluated three weeks after surgery. Histological sections of each globe were prepared to document the evaluation of PCO.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between a hydrophobic acrylic IOL and a hydrophilic acrylic IOL in relation to the CPCO, PPCO, type of growth, extension, cell type, inhibition, and fibrosis. Statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the formation of SR with Acrysof SA 60 AT group presenting more SR than Akreos Disc group.Conclusion: PCO was not influenced by the material of the IOL or the design of the haptics of the IOLs we studied.Keywords: posterior capsule opacification, intraocular lenses, rabbit mode

lmmunohistochemical expression of Retinoblastoma gene product (Rb), p53 protein, MDM2, c-erbB-2, HLA-DR and proliferation indices in human urinary bladder carcinoma

Archival biopsy specimens from transitional cell bladder cancers (n=88) were analysed immunohistochemically for the expression of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene protein, p53, mdm2, c-erbB-2, HLA-DR antigen and proliferation indices. An altered nuclear expression of Rb, p53 and mdm2 was observed in 55.2%, 33.3% and 18.2% of tumors respectively. Cytoplasmic membrane immunoreactivity (>25% tumor cells) for c-erbB-2 was detected in 14.1% of tumors and aberrant HLA-DR antigen cytoplasmic staining (>5% of tumor cells) in 22.2% of the cases.P53 overexpression was associated with higher tumor grade and stage. Aberrant HLA-DR antigen expression and PCNA were also correlated with the grade of differentiation and tumor stage. MIBl was statistically correlated with stage. PRb scores and HLADR antigen expression were correlated with proliferation activity as determined by PCNA and MIBl immunostaining. p53 protein was also strongly correlated with the proliferation index PCNA. A strong correlation between PCNA and MIBl (pc0.0001) was also found. In addition a statistically positive correlation between p53 and HLA-DR antigen expression was observed. Our data show that, although pRb and p53 protein expressions are not associated between them, they may contribute to the growth fraction of the bladder cancer. In addition, p53 and HLA-DR antigen expression could be indicators of aggressive behavior of bladder cancer

Association of Claudin-1 with E-Cadherin/Catenin Complex, Microvessel Density (MVD)-Related Markers, and Clinicopathological Features in Colorectal Carcinoma

Objectives: Intercellular adhesion mediated by claudin and cadherin/catenin complex is a prerequisite of epithelial integrity and differentiation and has been suggested to be frequently disturbed in cancers. Endoglin (CD105) has been shown to be a more useful marker to identify proliferating endothelium involved in angiogenesis than pan-endothelial markers such as CD31. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between these markers and clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Surgical specimens from 69 patients with colorectal cancer were immunostained for claudin-1, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, endoglin and CD31. Results: Forty-six (66.7%), 67 (97.1%), and 67 (97.1%) of the tumors, expressed immunostaining for claudin-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin, respectively. A significant association was seen between claudin-1 and E-cadherin expression (p=0.002), as well with beta-catenin (p=0.009). High beta-catenin expression appeared to reduce the risk of poor outcome. Endoglin vessel expression was correlated significantly with vessel invasion (p<0.0001), lymph node metastases (p=0.039), liver metastases (p<0.0001) and recurrence of the disease (p<0.010). Endoglin tumor cell expression was associated with E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression (p=0.001 and p=0.068), but not with claudin-1 expression (p=0.299). Conclusions: Loss of the expression of claudin-1, E-cadherin/beta-catenin downregulation, and high CD105-MVD counts may play a significant role in the high incidence of angiolymphatic invasion, metastases and prognosis in colorectal-cancer patients, but further studies are needed to clearly define their role in colorectal carcinoma. [J Interdiscipl Histopathol 2014; 2(3.000): 135-144

Reproducibility of the Oxford classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, impact of biopsy scoring on treatment allocation and clinical relevance of disagreements: evidence from the VALidation of IGA study cohort

The VALidation of IGA (VALIGA) study investigated the utility of the Oxford Classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in 1147 patients from 13 European countries. Methods. Biopsies were scored by local pathologists followed by central review in Oxford. We had two distinct objectives: to assess how closely pathology findings were associated with the decision to give corticosteroid/immunosuppressive (CS/IS) treatments, and to determine the impact of differences in MEST-C scoring between central and local pathologists on the clinical value of the Oxford Classification. We tested for each lesion the associations between the type of agreement (local and central pathologists scoring absent, local present and central absent, local absent and central present, both scoring present) with the initial clinical assessment, as well as long-term outcomes in those patients who did not receive CS/IS