El hecho de la conversión religiosa

El autor estudia el fenómeno de la conversión religiosa en la «compleja sociedad» contemporánea, caracterizada por la globalización y el cada vez más rápido y vertiginoso intercambio de informaciones, también entre culturas diferentes. En la primera parte de este artículo examina cinco tipos prevalentes de modelos de conversión (fenomenológico, histórico, psicológico, antropológico, y sociológico), examinando en ellos algunos problemas particularmente debatidos. En la segunda parte, propone las posibles líneas de un modelo interdisciplinar de la conversión, en el que se destaca la importancia de las creencias de partida de quien se convierte, y se llama la atención sobre la influencia del relativismo creciente en el aumento de las conversiones, especialmente a los nuevos movimientos religiosos

Synthesis of a Novel Boronic Acid Transition State Inhibitor, MB076: A Heterocyclic Triazole Effectively Inhibits Acinetobacter-Derived Cephalosporinase Variants with an Expanded-Substrate Spectrum

Class C Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases(ADCs) represent an important target for inhibition in the multidrug-resistantpathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. ManyADC variants have emerged, and characterization of their structuraland functional differences is essential. Equally as important is thedevelopment of compounds that inhibit all prevalent ADCs despite thesedifferences. The boronic acid transition state inhibitor, MB076, a novel heterocyclic triazole with improved plasma stability, wassynthesized and inhibits seven different ADC & beta;-lactamase variantswith K (i) values MB076 acted synergistically in combination with multiple cephalosporinsto restore susceptibility. ADC variants containing an alanine duplicationin the & omega;-loop, specifically ADC-33, exhibited increased activityfor larger cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, cefiderocol, and ceftolozane.X-ray crystal structures of ADC variants in this study provide a structuralcontext for substrate profile differences and show that the inhibitoradopts a similar conformation in all ADC variants, despite small changesnear their active sites

Boronic Acid Transition State Inhibitors as Potent Inactivators of KPC and CTX-M β-Lactamases: Biochemical and Structural Analyses

Design of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) is one of the currently accepted strategies to combat the threat of cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Boronic acid transition state inhibitors (BATSIs) are competitive, reversible BLIs that offer promise as novel therapeutic agents. In this study, the activities of two alpha-amido-beta-triazolylethaneboronic acid transition state inhibitors (S02030 and MB_076) targeting representative KPC (KPC-2) and CTX-M (CTX-M-96, a CTX-M-15-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]) beta-lactamases were evaluated. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) for both inhibitors were measured in the nanomolar range (2 to 135 nM). For S02030, the k(2)/K for CTX-M-96 (24,000 M-1 s(-1)) was twice the reported value for KPC-2 (12,000 M-1 s(-1)); for MB_076, the k(2)/K values ranged from 1,200 M-1 s(-1) (KPC-2) to 3,900 M-1 s(-1) (CTX-M-96). Crystal structures of KPC-2 with MB_076 (1.38-& ANGS; resolution) and S02030 and the in silico models of CTX-M-96 with these two BATSIs show that interaction in the CTX-M-96-S02030 and CTX-M-96-MB_076 complexes were overall equivalent to that observed for the crystallographic structure of KPC-2-S02030 and KPC-2-MB_076. The tetrahedral interaction surrounding the boron atom from S02030 and MB_076 creates a favorable hydrogen bonding network with S70, S130, N132, N170, and S237. However, the changes from W105 in KPC-2 to Y105 in CTX-M-96 and the missing residue R220 in CTX-M-96 alter the arrangement of the inhibitors in the active site of CTX-M-96, partially explaining the difference in kinetic parameters. The novel BATSI scaffolds studied here advance our understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and illustrate the importance of new approaches to beta-lactamase inhibitor design

Iglesia ni Cristo

The Iglesia ni Cristo is very critical of the Roman Catholic Church (the majority church in the Philippines), and firmly believes itself to be the one true church. Following a prophetic tradition in the Philippines, Manalo is venerated as the "sugo", or the last prophet of God, as well as the angel from the East mentioned in Revelation 7. Manalists reject the traditional doctrine of the Trinity as potentially polytheistic, believing that Jesus Christ played a messianic role but not that he was "God himself"