5G Hairpin and Interdigital Bandpass Filters

At two low 5G frequency bands: 3.7 GHz - 4.2 GHz and 5.975 GHz -7.125 GHz, Hairpin Bandpass Filter (HPBF) and Interdigital Bandpass Filter (IBF) are designed and simulated in this paper. Both filters show good results in terms of matching and transmission responses with a wide bandwidth through the two frequency bands. HPBF with simple design resulted in good return and insertion losses, < - 10.43 dB and – 0.63 dB, and < - 14.48 dB and –0.46 dB through frequency bands: 3.51 GHz - 4.27 GHz and 5.58 GHz – 7.24 GHz, respectively. In addition to good filter response that IBF provides, it supports high order second harmonics suppression. The simulated S11 and S12 of this filter are < -11.15 dB and –0.63 dB with out of band rejection up to 11.12 GHz through the frequency band 3.56  GHz – 4.25 GHz. Furthermore, at the second frequency band IBF is designed with two different grounding via hole radii (rVia), case 1: rVia = 0.4 mm and case 2: rVia = 0.7 mm. For both cases, the designed filter shows good results with high order second harmonics suppression up to 18.33 GHz and 18.96 GHz. In this paper, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to carry out the simulation

5G hairpin bandpass filter

In this paper, Hairpin Bandpass Filter (HPBF) is designed, simulated and fabricated at two 5G low-frequency bands: 3.7 GHz-4.2 GHz and 5.975 GHz-7.125 GHz. This filter will be a part of our 5G narrowband/ Ultra Wide Band (UWB) reconfigurable antenna project that plays a significant role in the recent wireless networks, such as Cognitive Radios (CRs). Through the two frequency bands, the filter resulted in good matching and transmission responses with enhanced bandwidth. The measured reflection coefficient of the proposed HBPF, S11 is <-10 dB and <-11.66 dB through 3.45 GHz – 4.25 GHz and 5.62 GHz – 7.6 GHz, respectively. However, the transmission coefficient, S12 is around-1.5 dB and – 1.17 dB at the center frequencies FC = 3.75 GHz and 6.61 GHz, respectively. In this paper, the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to carry out the simulation. The full-wave simulation results are validated with the hardware measurements

Simple compact UWB Vivaldi Antenna

Simple compact Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Vivaldi Tapered Slot Antenna (VTSA) is presented in this paper. Detailed parametric studies are performed to get good performance with a compact size. The proposed antenna shows good impedance matching less than −11.283 dB through 3.325 GHz–10.82 GHz. Although of its compact size (43.92 mm × 35.32 mm) and not using any gain enhancement technique, the antenna provides a high maximum gain of 7.63 dBi. The proposed antenna with compact size, end-fire radiation pattern, wide bandwidth, and high gain makes it suitable for UWB communication systems applications such as remote sensing and through-wall detection. The simulation in this paper is carried out using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software which is based on Finite Integration Technique (FIT)

Compact UWB vivaldi tapered slot antenna

In this paper compact Ultra Wideband (UWB) Vivaldi Tapered Slot Antenna (VTSA) is designed simply by changing its Microstrip to Slot line (M/S) transition. To explain the effect of transition's shapes on the size and the performance of the UWB VTSA, four models (A–D) with detailed parametric studies are analyzed, designed, and fabricated. As compared to Model A, in Model D the size (42.9 mm × 29.28 mm = 1256.112 mm2) is reduced by 19.25%, and the bandwidth (10.34 GHz) is enhanced by 24.56%, in addition, it provides 6.51 dBi maximum realized gain, and stable end-fire radiation pattern. The validity of the proposed antennas is proven by hardware measurement results

5G hairpin and interdigital bandpass filters

At two low 5G frequency bands: 3.7 GHz - 4.2 GHz and 5.975 GHz -7.125 GHz, Hairpin Bandpass Filter (HPBF) and Interdigital Bandpass Filter (IBF) are designed and simulated in this paper. Both filters show good results in terms of matching and transmission responses with a wide bandwidth through the two frequency bands. HPBF with simple design resulted in good return and insertion losses, < - 10.43 dB and - 0.63 dB, and < -14.48 dB and -0.46 dB through frequency bands: 3.51 GHz - 4.27 GHz and 5.58 GHz - 7.24 GHz, respectively. In addition to good filter response that IBF provides, it supports high order second harmonics suppression. The simulated S11 and S12 of this filter are < -11.15 dB and -0.63 dB with out of band rejection up to 11.12 GHz through the frequency band 3.56 GHz - 4.25 GHz. Furthermore, at the second frequency band IBF is designed with two different grounding via hole radii (rVia), case 1: rVia = 0.4 mm and case 2: rVia = 0.7 mm. For both cases, the designed filter shows good results with high order second harmonics suppression up to 18.33 GHz and 18.96 GHz. In this paper, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to carry out the simulation

N-way compact ultrawide band equal and unequal split tapered transmission lines Wilkinson Power Divider

In this article compact N-way Ultra Wide Band (UWB) equal and unequal split Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD) using exponentially λ/4 Tapered Transmission Line Transformers (TTLTs)is designed and simulated. First 2-way WPDs are designed and simulated and then cascaded to get 4-way, 6-way equal and unequal split UWB WPDs in addition to 8-way equal split UWB WPD. The simulated results of all the designed dividers are good in terms of insertion, return losses and group delay through UWB frequency band. The analysis of these dividers is carried out using the commercial ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package which based on Finite Element Method (FEM). Moreover, A MATLAB built-in function “fmincon.m” is used to find the optimum values of the three resistors chosen for perfect isolatio

Stretchable and Bendable Polydimethylsiloxane- Silver Composite Antenna on PDMS/Air Gap Substrate for 5G Wearable Applications

An engineered composite conductor is essential for developing a wearable antenna that is not only flexible but also stretchable. This paper presents the use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate and custom polydimethylsiloxane-silver conductive paste for wearable applications. The antenna is designed with an air gap PDMS substrate between the patch and sawtooth partial ground at 3.5 GHz to enhance the bandwidth and gain. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is flexible and can be bent as well as stretched up to 20&#x0025;, making it suitable for use on the human body. This study investigates the antenna&#x2019;s performance under bending and stretching to mimic the human body&#x2019;s structure and movements. Additionally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the wearable antenna was analyzed for safety purposes

Compact UWB 1:2:1 unequal-split 3-way bagley power divider using non-uniform transmission lines

In this paper, compact Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) 1:2:1 unequal split modified Bagley Power Divider (BPD) using Non-Uniform Transmission Lines (NTLs) theory is designed and tested. Based on this theory, 42.44% and 31.1% size reductions are obtained in the lower and upper λ/4 Uniform Transmission Lines (UTLs) in the first and second sections of the proposed divider. To evaluate the effect of the divider’s compactness on its performance, it is compared with UWB 1:2:1 unequal split BPD using Tapered Transmission Lines (TTLs). Both dividers show good results where the measured return loss is appeared to be S11 < −10.6 dB and < −13.4 dB for NTL and TTL BPDs, respectively. However, the insertion losses S12 = S14 and S13 are around −6 ± 1.5 dB and–3 ± 1.3 dB, respectively for both dividers. In this study, simulations are carried out using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The evaluation of the proposed divider is obtained from the simulation and hardware measurements results