Contribution of spatially explicit models to climate change adaptation and mitigation plans for a priority forest habitat

Climate change will impact forest ecosystems, their biodiversity and the livelihoods they sustain. Several adaptation and mitigation strategies to counteract climate change impacts have been proposed for these ecosystems. However, effective implementation of such strategies requires a clear understanding of how climate change will influence the future distribution of forest ecosystems. This study uses maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) to predict environmentally suitable areas for cork oak (Quercus suber) woodlands, a socio-economically important forest ecosystem protected by the European Union Habitats Directive. Specifically, we use two climate change scenarios to predict changes in environmental suitability across the entire geographical range of the cork oak and in areas where stands were recently established. Up to 40 % of current environmentally suitable areas for cork oak may be lost by 2070, mainly in northern Africa and southern Iberian Peninsula. Almost 90 % of new cork oak stands are predicted to lose suitability by the end of the century, but future plantations can take advantage of increasing suitability in northern Iberian Peninsula and France. The predicted impacts cross-country borders, showing that a multinational strategy, will be required for cork oak woodland adaptation to climate change. Such a strategy must be regionally adjusted, featuring the protection of refugia sites in southern areas and stimulating sustainable forest management in areas that will keep long-term suitability. Afforestation efforts should also be promoted but must consider environmental suitability and land competition issues

L'œil du satellite: une image N.O.A.A.

Les images de satellites, remarquables de précision, donnent une vision renouvelée de l'espace géographique

L’œil du satellite : une image N.O.A.A.

Mit bemerkenswerter Genauigkeit geben Satellitenbilder ein neues Gesicht des geographischen Raums.Satellite imagery with noteworthy sharpness defines a new vision of geographical shapes.Les images de satellites, remarquables de précision, donnent une vision renouvelée de l’espace géographique.Institut Géographique National (I.G.N.). L’œil du satellite : une image N.O.A.A.. In: Mappemonde, 1987/1. pp. 16-17

Modèle numérique de terrain : l’exemple du Mont-Blanc

Institut Géographique National (I.G.N.). Modèle numérique de terrain : l’exemple du Mont-Blanc. In: Mappemonde, 1986/2. p. 40

Carte d'Algérie au 50000e. (Type 1922) [cartographic material].

Topographic map series of Algeria showing boundaries, roads and watercourses. Relief shown by contours, shading and spot heights.; Includes index to adjoining sheets.; Each sheet is named and numbered individually.; "Projection Lambert Nord Algérie."

Carte routière de l'Indochine /

Road map series of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The maps show international and province boundaries, transportation, water features, vegetation, ruins and populated places. Relief shown by gradient tints, contours, and spot heights.; Map sheets separately numbered and titled, e.g. Feuille no. 24, Vinh-Long.; Includes various editions of individual map sheets; French series at bottom right of sheet: Tirage d'Avril 1945.; Includes sheet index and coverage diagram.; This collection includes some British reprints of this series Hind 1115, reproduced by "72 Base Map Rep. Sec. R.E., SEPT. '45". Feuille no. 1, Mong Tzeu -- Feuille no. 2, Cao-Bang Ouest -- Feuille no. 2, Cao-Bang Est -- Feuille no. 3, Luang-Prabang Est -- Feuille no. 3, Luang-Prabang Ouest -- Feuille no. 3W, Luang-Prabang Ouest [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 4, Hanoi Est -- Feuille no. 4, Hanoi Ouest -- Feuille no. 5, Ventiane Est -- Feuille no. 5, Ventiane Ouest -- Feuille no. 6, Vinh Est -- Feuille no. 6E, Vinh Est [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 6, Vinh Ouest -- Feuille no. 7, Hué Est -- Feuille no. 7E, Hué Est [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 7, Hué Ouest -- Feuille no. 7, Hué Ouest [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 8, Tourane -- Feuille no. 9, Bang-Kok Est -- Feuille no. 9, Bang-Kok Est [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 10, Khong Est -- Feuille no. 10, Khong Ouest -- Feuille no. 11, Qui -Nhon -- Feuille no. 12, Pak-Nam Est --Feuille no. 12E, Pak-Nam Est [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 13, Saigon Est --Feuille no. 13, Saigon Ouest -- Feuille no. 14, Nha-Trang -- Feuille no. 14, Nha-Trang [Hind 1115, 1st ed.] -- Feuille no. 14, Nha-Trang [ed. de Nov. 1942, tirage de Aout 1944] -- Feuille no. 15, Vinh-Long Est -- Feuille no. 15, Vinh-Long Ouest -- Feuille no. 15, Vinh-Long Ouest [Hind 1115, 1st ed., June 1945].Carte routière de l'Indochine (1945

Carte de l'Afrique de l'Ouest à 1/200,000 /

Relief shown variously by contours, shading, landform drawings and spot heights.; Some sheets have titles: Carte a 1:200000; Carte à 1/200000 -Type régions désertiques; Carte réguliére a[u]1:200000; Carte du Sahara-1/200000; Carte des régions sahariennes au 1/200000; Carte réguliére à 1/200 000-Type régions désertiques; Fond planimétrique de l'Afrique de l'ouest 1:200000-Type saharien; Fond topographique a 1/200000-Type régions désertiques; Carte de l'Afrique de l'Ouest a 1/200000-Types régions désertiques.; Various editions of some sheets.; Title varies

Carte au 80 000e: agrandissement au 50 000e: situation des révisions à la date du 1er Janvier 1954: [gràfic de fulls]

1 Mapa. - Fons Reparaz[1:2 300 000]45 x 60 c

République du Mali, photocarte au 1:50 000 /

1e éd. Relief shown by contours and spot heights on some maps.; Title from panel.; Includes index map and indexed boundary diagram.; Some sheets include indexed diagrams of "Fond photo" and "Altimétrie.".République du Mali, photocarte au 1:50,000

Les spéciales de l'IGN outre-mer. Carte routière au 1:200 000, Nouvelle Calédonie [cartographic material] /

Ed. 1. Map of New Caledonia, showing roads. Relief shown by contours, shading and spot heights.; Geographic coverage complete in 4 sheets.; Panel title.; "3615 IGN".; Includes index map and index to 1:50,000 sheets.Carte routière au 1:200 000, Nouvelle Calédoni