Nationwide Life Ins v. Comm Land Title Ins

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

Nationwide Life Ins v. Comm Land Title Ins

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

Mazzella v. Comm PA Dept Ins

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

Interdigital Comm Co v. Fed Ins Co

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvani

NL Ind Inc v. Comm Union Ins Co

USDC for the District of New Jerse

LIGHTNING CASES UNDER WORKMEN\u27S COMPENSATION ACTS

A farm hand, sent by his employer to work for a day at a neighbor\u27s farm, was killed by lightning while returning home. At the time of the accident he was driving a team of horses, without a wagon, and was crossing a high, rocky hill near a wire fence. An award under the Colorado Compensation Act was affirmed by the district court. On appeal from this affirmance, held, by a majority of the court, that since Oakley\u27s employment required him to be in a position where the lightning struck him, there was a causal relation between employment and accident, so that the latter may be said to arise out of the former, and therefore the judgment should be affirmed. Aetna Ins. Co., v. Industrial Comm., (Colo. 1927) 254 Pac. 995

Preserving Liveness Guarantees from Synchronous Communication to Asynchronous Unstructured Low-Level Languages

In the implementation of abstract synchronous communication in asynchronous unstructured low-level languages, e.g. using shared variables, the preservation of safety and especially liveness properties is a hitherto open problem due to inherently different abstraction levels. Our approach to overcome this problem is threefold: First, we present our notion of handshake refinement with which we formally prove the correctness of the implementation relation of a handshake protocol. Second, we verify the soundness of our handshake refinement, i.e., all safety and liveness properties are preserved to the lower level. Third, we apply our handshake refinement to show the correctness of all implementations that realize the abstract synchronous communication with the handshake protocol. To this end, we employ an exemplary language with asynchronous shared variable communication. Our approach is scalable and closes the verification gap between different abstraction levels of communication