Can Panax Ginseng Aqueous Extract Improve Chilled and Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa?

This study was to evaluate the influence of Panax ginseng aqueous extract on chilled and frozen-thawed bull sperm quality. Samples of semen were acquired from four bulls through the use of an electro-ejaculator. Extension of the semen was done with tris-egg yolk diluent which was augmented with 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL Panax ginseng aqueous extract. Diluted chilled portions of the semen were chilled for 6 days at 5 ̊C whereas the frozen semen was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Results revealed that in chilled and frozen-thawed semen, the control group, T1 and T2 recorded higher percentages in terms of sperm motility and viability in all three groups evaluated compared to others, while the high dose of Panax ginseng aqueous extract in T6 and T5 recorded the lowest percentage. Moreover, the values of sperm morphology for chilled and frozen-thawed semen were not significant among the groups. The results of chromatin stability of the present study showed that T2 and control were higher than for other groups. In conclusion, the low dosage groups (T1, T2 and T3) which were received (0.25 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively) from Panax ginseng aqueous extract were not significant as compared with the control group while high-dosage groups (T4, T5 and T6) which were received (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 7.5 mg/mL, respectively) from Panax ginseng aqueous extract were highly decreased spermatozoa characteristics

Seroprevalence of bluetongue antibodies among goats in selected small ruminant farms in Serdang, Malaysia

Bluetongue disease is an arthropod-transmitted viral disease of ruminants with a worldwide distribution. Bluetongue outbreaks has been reported among livestock in Malaysia during the 1990s and since then few studies have paid attention to the status of Bluetongue in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus among goats in selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from 100 randomly selected goats. Sera were harvested and used for antibody detection. The result obtained revealed that all the samples tested were negative for antibodies to bluetongue virus. It was concluded that the goats sampled in this study were not exposed to bluetongue virus. Further studies using a bigger sample size, multiple species and a larger study area will be required to elucidate on the epidemiology of bluetongue virus in livestock of Malaysia

Application of veterinary cytogenetics in domestic animals: a review

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes; their structure and properties, chromosome behavior during cell division, their influence on traits and factors which cause changes in chromosomes. Veterinary cytogenetics is the application of cytogenetics to clinical problems that occur in animal production. It has been applied to understand problems such as infertility and its types, embryonic and fetal death, abnormality in sexual and somatic development and hybrid sterility and also prenatal sex determination and other forms of chromosomal abnormalities. These are achieved through conventional and banded karyotyping techniques and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Although conventional techniques are still useful and very widely applied, the nature of cytogenetics has gradually changed as a result of advances achieved in the molecular cytogenetic techniques for example fluorescent in situ hybridization and array-based techniques. These changes are evident in both molecular diagnostics and basic research. The combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetics has given rise to high resolution techniques which have enabled the study of fundamental questions regarding biological processes. It enables the study of inherited syndromes, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis at molecular level, genome organization and the determination of chromosome homologies between species. It allows the ease with which animals are selected in breeding programs and other important aspects of animal production. In this paper we discusseda number of techniques employed in cytogenetics and their methodologies, and recommend where future focus should be for the benefits of animal production

Clinical management of acute otitis externa concurrent with auricular myiasis in a doe

This case report described the clinical management of otitis externa concurrent with myiasis in a doe. Briefly, intravenous fluid therapy was instituted and the infected wound was thoroughly washed with a diluted hydrogen peroxide and a combination of diluted hibiscrub, diluted iodine, acriflavin and beavate. Topederm® was applied topically for one week. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg, IV was administered once daily for three days to reduce inflammatory reaction and Ivermectin (1 mL/50kg) was given subcutaneously once. The prognosis was good and there was improvement in the wound healing and the overall condition of the animal one week after treatment. The farmer was advised to ensure the practice of good management hygiene and also employ the use of insect repellents in and around the farm

Effects of four extenders on the quality of frozen semen in Arabian stallions

Aim: Different types of extenders have a variety of components which show the tolerance effect on sperm protection during freezing procedures. In the present study, we have examined the impact of the extenders HF-20 and Tris, which were locally manufactured, and they are competing with commercial extenders INRA Freeze® (IMV Technologies, France) and EquiPlus Freeze® (Minitube, Germany) on the quality of horses frozen semen. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 ejaculates from three healthy stallions were collected and cryopreserved in the same environment. Each semen sample collected was divided into four equal parts and processed. All samples were analyzed before and after freezing for motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and morphology. Furthermore, twenty mares were inseminated using post-thawed semen. Results: There were no differences observed among all extenders in all the parameters before freezing. Sperm cryopreserved using HF-20 showed better motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity than Tris extender. The Tris extender showed the most inferior quality of post-thawed semen between all the extenders. HF-20, INRA Freeze®, and EquiPlus Freeze® extenders revealed the same capacity of semen preservation in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: HF-20 extender has the same quality as INRA Freeze® and EquiPlus Freeze® that can be considered as one of the best extenders for the semen cryopreservation in horses. In contrast, Tris extender needs some degree of improvement

Diagnostic and therapeutic management of clinical case of suppurative pre-scapular lymphadenitis in a bull

A 4 year old Jersey-Friesian cross bull was presented to the Universiti Veterinary hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with a ruptured abscess on the right pre-scapular lymph node. The wound was dressed with diluted Hibiscrub® (Chlorhexidine gluconate 4.0%) and povidone iodine. Initial treatment includes Penicillin Streptomycin at 16mg/kg, intramuscularly. Bacterial isolation and sensitivity results revealed the presence of Staphylococcus shleiferi spp shleiferi and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Both were resistant to gentamycin, penicillin G, sulfazole and streptomycin, but susceptible to tetracycline. The treatment was substituted with oxytetracycline 9mg/kg for 3 days based on the antibiotic susceptibility result. The wound was monitored and observed to have completely healed after 10 days post treatment

Incidences and veterinary clinical management of postpartum diseases among domestic cows and does in Klang Valley, Malaysia

The postpartum period is a time that is characterised by an increased risk of developing parturition related diseases and disorders by the dam. These may affect production in affected animals. Thee objective of this study was to determine the incidences and methods of clinical management of postpartum diseases among farm animals within the Klang Valley in Selangor, Malaysia. Primary data were obtained from a four-year (January 2013 to December 2017) farm record from sixteen (16) cattle and goats mixed farms. Postpartum diseases and disorders made up 3.4% (53/1550) of total diseases and disorders recorded for cows and does. Out of the 53 cases of postpartum diseases and disorders recorded, the followings were observed; metritis (24.5%), vaginal prolapse (22.6%), pyometra (20.8%), retained placenta (15.1%), uterine prolapse (9.4%), endometritis (5.7%) and uterine tears (1.9%). Most of the recorded postpartum cases were seen in cattle (83.0%) than in goat (17.0%) populations. More postpartum diseases and disorders were seen in younger cows (56.8%) as compared to older cows (43.2%). Similarly, more cases were seen in older does (66.6%) as compared to younger does (33.4%). Furthermore, a higher frequency of postpartum diseases was observed in animals during their rst parturition (77.4%) than in animals during their second (17.0%) or third parturition (5.6%). Flunixin meglumine and oxytetracyclines administered via the uterus were frequently used in clinical management of postpartum diseases. However, a detailed and strict follow up of the cases were lacking (52.8%). This study shows that postpartum diseases are quite common in primipara ruminants in the Klang Valley. Although conventional methods of managing postpartum cases in the Klang valley yielded satisfactory outcomes, there is need for compliance on detailed follow up therapy to avoid cases of treatment failures in affected animals

Seroprevalence of melioidosis in sheep and goats from selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia

This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of Melioidosis in sheep and goats from selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Blood samples (n=100) were collected each from sheep and goats using a random sampling technique from these farms. The serum samples were subjected to Melioidosis antibody screening using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The overall prevalence of Melioidosis among goats and sheep from these farms were 1% and 0%, respectively. It is concluded that although the prevalence of positive detection is low, there is need for further diagnostic surveillance as this singular case can be a potential reservoir for zoonotic infection

Management of an outbreak of brucellosis in a multiple species ruminant farm in Malaysia

This case report describes the management of an outbreak of brucellosis in a mixed ruminant farm in Selangor, central region of Peninsular Malaysia. Two cows with a history of abortion and endometritis were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Based on the history, physical examination and results of Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), brucellosis was highly suspected. This led to the screening of all the animals (n = 384) in the affected farm. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) revealed that 23 cattle were positive, while no agglutination was observed in goats and deer. A confirmatory test was performed on all the (n = 384) animals using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the results showed that two (2) cows and five (5) deer tested positive. The CFT positive animals were culled. Preventive steps were then taken where the remaining cattle in the herd were vaccinated once using the RB51 vaccine, while the deer and goats were not vaccinated. All animals in the herd were also recommended to be subjected for blood sampling every 4 months and the serum samples to be tested using competitive ELISA to distinguish between serological responses due to vaccination from infection. To overcome outbreak scenario of brucellosis in a farm, a prompt action and a concerted team work among relevant stakeholders are crucial to curb the situation

Review on clinical management involving post-partum diseases in ruminants

The major aim of animal husbandry is to maximise production but over time reproductive problems have always contributed negatively thereby resulting to economic downturn to farmers. Reproductive disorders among livestock production animals such as buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats are of major concern hence needed to be emphasized the more. These disorders have always lead to loss in fertility. The obstetrical problem was found to be the highest prevalence in clinical cases of genital tract and the major factor that renders the reproductive performance to be at low border is post-partum diseases. Post-partum being defined as duration right after parturition and the stages initially start on the second stage of parturition which is the expulsion of the foetus, followed by expulsion of the placenta. The occurrence of clinical cases of post-partum diseases can be tapered down by instantaneous treatment and clinical management by the veterinarians. The common post-partum conditions in ruminants are haemorrhage, retained placenta or retained foetal membrane (RFM), genital (uterine and vaginal) prolapsed, genital tears and uterine infections (metritis, endometritis, pyometritis). These conditions may influence the productive performances of the affected ruminants such as length of oestrous cycle, calving interval, service per concept, calving to first oestrous and service period. There is a limited review on clinical management of post-partum diseases involving ruminants. Hence, this review focused on the clinical management of common post-partum diseases involving ruminants. Therefore, this review may enlighten the field veterinarians on the common post-partum diseases of small and large ruminants and its clinical management