Commentary Introducing the Issue

In an era of diminished resources, public health agencies are being asked to do more with less. Evidence suggests that while revenues at the state and local levels have been flat or increased slightly since 2010, a large number of governmental public health agencies in the United States have been forced to cut programs and/or staff to compensate for the relative paucity of funds at their disposal. At the same time, these agencies have been challenged to effectively deploy diminished resources to develop and implement multi-level interventions in their communities and to address the many determinants of complex chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Infectious diseases like influenza still pose significant threats to public health, placing an additional strain on departmental resources. One way many health departments are addressing the challenge posed by diminished resources is through collaborating with other partners in the public health system to protect community health

Experiments in a rotating source-sink annulus

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August, 1971An experimental investigation of the different flow regimes in a rotating source-sink annulus is described. Both the steady and transient velocities are measured over a large range of Ekman Reynolds number and Rossby number. Differing probe configurations are used to investigate the corresponding motions in spatially separated regions of the annulus. The steady interior circulation field exhibits a strong dependence on the imposed flux values. The non-dimensional circulation increases with radius over a certain radial range for higher system Rossby number. The observed profile changes are related to the existence of an unstable Ekman layer at some inner radial position. The thickness of the observed Ekman layers is typically 85% of the theoretical scale height. For higher local Reynolds number (ReL), the thickness is generally much smaller. The width of the sidewall boundary layer adjacent to the sink increases with larger system Rossby number. Adjacent to the source, the radial boundary layer is wider than that at the sink wall. Observed oscillations are separable into three types. For ReL > 50, instability waves are observed in the Ekman layer flow. In the same Re range, inertial oscillations are detected in the interior region of the annulus. The observed inertial wave frequency at differing radial positions is explained by incorporating Doppler shift corrections and taking account of the steady circulation profiles. The radial wavelength of the inertial waves corresponds to the length of the Class A Ekman layer instabi1ity. For small values of Re and local Rossby number, an axisymmetric disturbance, with a characteristic frequency slightly greater than therotation rate, is observed at the outer radial positions

CRITICAL ECONOMIC FACTORS FOR SUCCESS OF A BIOMASS CONVERSION PLANT FOR AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, YARD RESIDUE AND WOOD WASTE IN FLORIDA

This model evaluates the potential success of a cellulosic ethanol plant in Florida. Critical Economic factors of the plant were simulated to assess the ability of this project. These critical factors include the feedstock to be used, the cost of the facility, transportation costs and the discount rate for the net present value (NPV). Results and observations are presented in this paper.Biofuels, renewable energy, cellulosic ethanol, biomass, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Financial Economics, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty,

Investigating Endwall-Blade Fillet Radius Variation to Reduce Secondary Flow Losses

In turbomachinery the joint between a turbine blade and the endwall often involves a fillet. Previous studies show that this fillet significantly influences the secondary flows despite regularly being omitted from simulation and testing, specifically that a uniform fillet radius of 16% axial chord increased endwall losses by 10%. It was proposed that a variable radius fillet could reduce secondary flows and the associated endwall losses. This paper describes a computational study to determine what variable radius fillet is required for optimal performance in the cascade. The variable radius fillet ranges from 0.5% to 16% of axial chord and was found using a genetic algorithm optimisation. Although this is a computational study the design offers physically plausible mechanisms by which the extra losses introduced by fillets may be reduced. This paper also suggests a generalised rule of fillet radius variation to minimise endwall losses. A large radius is required on the leading edge that reduces slowly along the pressure side but rapidly on the suction side such that the smallest permitted radius is applied to the suction side. A medium radius is required at the trailing edge

Going beyond creativity:Primary headteachers as social intrapreneurs?

This article presents the details and findings of a mixed-methods study that explored Scottish primary sector headteachers’ enactment of creativity through a Complexity Leadership Theory lens. Although policymakers emphasise the importance of headteachers and their impact on school improvement, there is a growing need for headteachers to enact and effectively nurture school-wide creativity if they are to overcome complex challenges brought about by today's political, social and economic environments. In response to the research question ‘To what extent do primary headteachers perceive their role as being creative?’, this article reports on 23 surveys and 11 semi-structured interviews undertaken as part of a larger study. Whilst our findings suggest that creativity is enacted to some extent by the headteachers, the evidence goes beyond this and identifies social intrapreneurship emerging. The concept of social intrapreneurship within education appears to be unique to this study. We identify social intrapreneurs as individuals who demonstrate creativity, resourcefulness, collaboration and determination and are growth-oriented within bureaucratic constraints. We conclude by discussing how social intrapreneurship is a valuable concept for headteachers and policymakers alike