Bias for Difficulty Parameters of Single Items in EH Estimation for a Sample Size of <i>n</i> = 1000.

<p>Top panels depict bias for normal true latent distribution, bottom panels show bias for skewed true latent distributions, with tighter convergence criteria from left to right. Lines depict different initial value conditions for the estimated latent distribution. For clarity, initial values for item parameters are not depicted.</p

Recovery of Latent Distribution (Earth Mover’s Distance).

<p>Recovery of Latent Distribution (Earth Mover’s Distance).</p

Bias for Discrimination Parameters of Single Items in EH Estimation for a Sample Size of <i>n</i> = 1000.

<p>Top panels depict bias for normal true latent distribution, bottom panels show bias for skewed true latent distributions, with tighter convergence criteria from left to right. Lines depict different initial value conditions for the estimated latent distribution. For clarity, initial values for item parameters are not depicted, as they hardly influenced results.</p

Test-level Bias and ICC Bias for Different Initial Values Using BILOG-MG 3 Default Convergence Criterion (10⁻²).

<p>For clarity, only selected conditions are shown.</p

Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination and Item Difficulty Parameter for Standard MML Estimation with the Default Convergence Criterion.

<p><i>Note</i>. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0140163#pone.0140163.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p><p>Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination and Item Difficulty Parameter for Standard MML Estimation with the Default Convergence Criterion.</p

Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination Parameter, Item Difficulty Parameter, and ICC Recovery for the Empirical Histogram Method.

<p><i>Note</i>. Mean-centered aggregated values (i.e., bias in each condition) were used as data. Therefore, residual variance is reduced. Absolute effect sizes η² should be interpreted as the respective factor’s relative contributions to the total amount of bias. To avoid overfit, models only included main effects and two-way interactions.</p><p>Explained Variance for Bias of Item Discrimination Parameter, Item Difficulty Parameter, and ICC Recovery for the Empirical Histogram Method.</p

Suicide seasonality for the total sample, men and women (all methods).

<p>Results of periodogram analysis (significant frequencies and the proportion of variance explained by that frequency) and Fisher's <i>g</i> test of significant seasonality against the null hypothesis of no seasonality. Frequency is the number of cycles per year, <i>p</i> values are one-sided.</p

Suicide seasonality for specific suicide methods for men and for women.

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017413#pone-0017413-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Frequencies (absolute and relative) of specific suicide methods in Austria.

<p>Frequencies (absolute and relative) of specific suicide methods in Austria.</p

Monthly suicide numbers and complex demodulation results.

<p>Upper panel shows the remodulated and original time series of absolute suicide frequencies for the total sample, men, and women. Middle panel depicts the amplitude as a function of time; amplitude is the difference of monthly suicide numbers from the deseasonalized yearly trend at a specific point in time. Lower panel shows the location of the peak (phase) as a function of time. For clarity of presentation, amplitude and phase plots are additionally smoothed by a 37-month centered moving average.</p