Flow chart diagram.

<p>Description of number of study participants and dropouts, data collection and analyses and caries status at 3 years of age.</p

Rarefaction curves.

<p>Curves from children at 3 months and 3 years of age, stratified by caries development at 3 years of age. Comparisons include 11 children with caries, and 11 caries-free children.</p

PCoA clustering analysis by caries status.

<p>The upper figure (A) shows the microbiota variation between 3-month-old infants who developed caries at 3 years of age (red dots) and those who did not (blue dots). The lower figure (B) shows the microbiota variation between 3-year-old children who had caries (red dots) and those who did not (blue dots).</p

Species/phylotype prevalence.

<p>Prevalence at 3-months and 3-years of age of species/phylotypes detected in all (100%) of the children at 3 years of age.</p

Genera prevalence.

<p>Prevalence at 3-months and 3-years of age of genera detected in >50% of the children at 3 years of age.</p

Partial least-squares analysis (PLS) of microbiota associated with having caries or not at 3 years of age (A) Scatter-loading plot illustrating clustering of children having caries or being caries-free.

<p>(B) Column loading plot illustrating taxa associated with having caries or not (caries-free). The PLS model employed caries and caries-free allocations as y, and pyrosequencing and HOMIM taxa as the x-block.</p

Study group characteristics at birth, 3 months and 3 years of age.

<p>Data are presented as means (95% CI) or proportions (%). Differences between groups were tested with Student´s <i>t</i>-test or a Chi2 test, respectively.</p><p>a) numbers varies by age as displayed</p><p>b) p-value <0.05 statistical significant. Tested between caries diseased and caries-free groups</p><p>c) gestational week 38 or earlier</p><p>d) exclusively breast fed infants</p><p>e) intake of sweet fruit soup. Measured with a questionnaire, frequency of intake per week. Proportion presented is based on an intake more than 3 times a week.</p><p>Study group characteristics at birth, 3 months and 3 years of age.</p

Phyla prevalence.

<p>Prevalence at 3-months and 3-years of age of detected phyla.</p

Baseline characteristics of the pregnant women.

<p>Data are presented as the means and standard deviation (SD) or proportions (%).</p

Results of the multivariate linear mixed model analyses of factors related to plasma concentrations of vitamin D in women during pregnancy and after birth.

<p>Results of the multivariate linear mixed model analyses of factors related to plasma concentrations of vitamin D in women during pregnancy and after birth.</p