Experimental evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed in wistar albino rats against aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model

Background: There is an increased demand for newer safer drugs for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease as its incidence is increasing gradually in view of changing lifestyle and stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of ethanol extract of seeds of Vitis vinifera.Methods: The ethanol extract of Vitis vinifera was investigated for its anti-ulcer activity in rats against Aspirin plus Pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer.The antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity; ulcer number and its inhibition, ulcer severity and ulcer index.Results: A significant antiulcer activity was observed. Pylorus ligation model showed significant (p<0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control.Conclusions: This present study indicates that Vitis vinifera seed extract have potential anti-ulcer activity in the model tested

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA) SEED EXTRACT IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS AGAINST HYDROCHLORIC ACID – ETHANOL INDUCED ULCER MODEL

Background:Herbal products are finding increasing demand in the treatment of Peptic ulcer, on account of their better safety and efficacy.Objectives:To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Vitis Vinifera in Wistar albino rats.Methods:The ethanolic extract of Vitis Vinifera was investigated for its anti-ulcer activity in rats against HCl – Ethanol induced ulcer model. The antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity; ulcer number and its inhibition, ulcer severity and ulcer index.Results:A significant antiulcer activity was observed. The grape seed 100mg/kg group showed significant [p &lt; 0.05] reduction in ulcer number 30.00 ± 3.23 as compared to the control. The grape seed 200mg/kg showed significant [p &lt; 0.05] reduction in ulcer number 27.33 ± 2.97, free acidity 20.00 ± 2.26, and gastric lesion18.00 ± 2.96 as compared to the control.Conclusion:This present study indicates that Vitis vinifera seed extract has potential anti ulcer activity in the model tested. Keywords: Vitis vinifera, Anti-ulcer, Ethanol, Free acidity, Total acidit

An EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF COMMONLY USED FIRST LINE DRUGS IN TERMS OF INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE, OCULAR PERFUSION PRESSURE AND FIELD OF VISION IN PATIENTS OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA OF NORTH KARNATAKA

Objective: To measure the efficacy of commonly used Timolol &amp; Latanoprost as first-line drugs in terms of Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) and Ocular Perfusion Pressure (OPP) &nbsp; Methods: This was an open-labeled, randomized, prospective study conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology. Newly diagnosed patients were recruited into the study. A total of 60 patients were recruited into our study and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two groups of 30 each to receive either Timolol 0.5% eye drops twice daily (Group 1) or Latanoprost 0.005% eye drops once daily in the evening for a period of 6 weeks [n=30/group.] A baseline general ophthalmic examination was done, and the patients were followed up at Week 4 and Week 6. &nbsp; Results: Latanoprost has a greater IOP lowering effect in patients with Primary Open-angle Glaucoma as compared to Timolol and also concurrently increases Ocular perfusion pressure to a larger extent as compared to Timolol. &nbsp; Conclusion: Latanoprost [Left Eye: 18.47, Right Eye: 18.36] has a greater IOP lowering effect in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma as compared to Timolol [Left Eye: 20.4, Right Eye: 20.7.] &nbsp;Latanoprost [Left Eye: 57.13, Right Eye: 57.20] also concurrently increases Ocular perfusion pressure to a larger extent as compared to Timolol [Left Eye: 54.15, Right Eye: 55.33] &nbsp; Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Beta blocker, Prostaglandin Analogue, Primary Open-angle Glaucoma, Intra Ocular Pressure, Ocular Perfusion Pressur

ANALYSIS OF PACKAGE INSERTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS UTILISED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH KARNATAKA

Objective: To evaluate the Package Inserts of Antimicrobial drugs utilized in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, prospective study was undertaken to analyze the package inserts of antimicrobial drugs utilized in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka for a two months. 218 that belonged to antimicrobials were included in our study and analyzed based on criteria mentioned in Schedule D of the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1945.   Results: None of the Package Inserts analyzed by us adhered to the standard guidelines. Legibility, Approved generic name of active ingredients, and Content of active ingredient per dosage was mentioned in all. In contrast, the least mentioned criteria included References (n=2) and Retail price of the drug (n=9). Conclusion: Updating the existing ones and stricter adherence to the PI with the standard guidelines will achieve better quality and, in turn, improve health care in our society, especially by these antimicrobial agents, which can prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance

ANALYSIS OF THE ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS COLLECTED THROUGH ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE IN THE PHARMACOVIGILANCE UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyze the various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected in the Pharmacovigilance Unit of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre with respect to their causality, severity, and preventability and also to identify the various risk factors, concomitant medications, and comorbid conditions with the occurrence of these events.Methods: A prospective, non-interventional, observational, and cross-sectional study was carried out in the various clinical departments of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre from June 2014 to May 2015. The Classes of drugs, Organ system involved, Comorbid conditions associated and Concomitant drugs involved in causing ADRs were looked into. The assessment for causality and severity was determined by Naranjo and Modified Hartwig and Siegel scales, respectively. The data were compiled and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.Results: A total of 433 patients developing ADR reports were analyzed during our study period. Of these, 53.59% were females. 75% of them were of adult age group. Antimicrobials and chemotherapy group showed the maximum ADRs. The skin and appendages (27.6%) were the most affected organ system followed by the gastrointestinal system (22.8%). Comorbid conditions were found in 76 (20.1%) reports; of which diabetes (28.9%) and hypertension (26.3%) were maximum. 74 were serious reports. Maximum reports were probable and of mild severity.Conclusion: Through active surveillance of the ADRs helps in early detection and prevention of all the possible adverse events associated with the usage of drugs and thereby provides a better health-care treatment to the patients.Â

Experimental evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed in wistar albino rats against aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model

Background: There is an increased demand for newer safer drugs for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease as its incidence is increasing gradually in view of changing lifestyle and stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of ethanol extract of seeds of Vitis vinifera.Methods: The ethanol extract of Vitis vinifera was investigated for its anti-ulcer activity in rats against Aspirin plus Pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer.The antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity; ulcer number and its inhibition, ulcer severity and ulcer index.Results: A significant antiulcer activity was observed. Pylorus ligation model showed significant (p&lt;0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control.Conclusions: This present study indicates that Vitis vinifera seed extract have potential anti-ulcer activity in the model tested