Characteristic Profiles of an Original Drink Sap from Male and Female Deglet Nour Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera

This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of a typical natural drink from male and female Deglet Nour (DN) date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during the collection period. Dry matter, protein, amino acids, and sugar profiles were determined using AFNOR norm, Kjeldahl method, HPLC, and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. The male sap dry matter content was higher than that of the female. It decreased significantly through the tapping period. During the harvest, the male sap protein content decreased but increased significantly in the female sap. Finally, sugar fraction, for both male and female DN sap, was dominated by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a small amount of myo-inositol. During the collection time, sugar content is affected by the sex especially for myo-inositol content that increased significantly in the female date sap, unlike that of the male one. This may be related to the fact that the male palm is more resistant to physiological stress, inducing myo-inositol formation during tapping

Physico-chemical properties and amino acid profiles of sap from Tunisian date palm

Date palm sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.), also known as “legmi”, is a fresh juice extracted from date palm trees. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of collection time (at the beginning of the tapping period and after seven days of collection) on the amino acid profile and physico-chemical properties of date palm sap from both male and female trees. Dry matter, protein, amino acid, and sugar profiles were determined using the Kjeldahl method, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD), respectively. Date palm sap from both male and female trees contained high levels of carbohydrates. HPLC analysis showed that this fraction was dominated by sucrose in the sap sample from female trees compared to that from male trees. Male date palm sap was noted to exhibit lower dry matter content than female date palm sap but higher protein, total polyphenol, ash, and amino acid contents. While the major essential amino acids in the sap from male trees consisted of valine and threonine, they were represented by lysine and phenylalanine in sap samples from female trees. Further, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed the presence of a proteinic band of 30 kDa only for the sap from male trees. Taken together, the sap from both male and female date palm trees had a number of properties that are highly valued by the functional food industry

Characteristic Profiles of an Original Drink Sap from Male and Female Deglet Nour Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during Collection Period

This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of a typical natural drink from male and female Deglet Nour (DN) date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during the collection period. Dry matter, protein, amino acids, and sugar profiles were determined using AFNOR norm, Kjeldahl method, HPLC, and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. The male sap dry matter content was higher than that of the female. It decreased significantly through the tapping period. During the harvest, the male sap protein content decreased but increased significantly in the female sap. Finally, sugar fraction, for both male and female DN sap, was dominated by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a small amount of myo-inositol. During the collection time, sugar content is affected by the sex especially for myo-inositol content that increased significantly in the female date sap, unlike that of the male one. This may be related to the fact that the male palm is more resistant to physiological stress, inducing myo-inositol formation during tapping

Cynara cardunculus as a potential source of milk coagulating protease: Effects on physical properties of cow's milk

peer reviewedIn the present research study, Cynara cardunculus (wild cardoon) flowers were blended and extracted using different types of buffers (phosphate buffer; citrate buffer and distilled water) for different maceration times. The most reliable, quick and efficient buffer was found to be phosphate (pH = 6.5) with a 6-h maceration time, which was used throughout this study. C. cardunculus extract (CE) was found to have high clotting and proteolytic activities. The extracted enzyme was found to be very stable against a wide range of pH values as well as of temperature. The formation of milk gels prepared in the presence of CE with different types of milk was evaluated using dynamic rheology and Turbiscan. The evolution of both elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli was monitored with time. The values of the whole milk enriched with milk powder gels were higher. Coagulum stability was evaluated using Turbiscan. The textural properties and the curd-firming rate of coagulum were also determined. In conclusion, the prepared CE could be an efficient milk-clotting agent in the production of dairy products

Cynara cardunculus as a potential source of milk coagulating protease: Effects on physical properties of cow's milk

Abstract In the present research study, Cynara cardunculus (wild cardoon) flowers were blended and extracted using different types of buffers (phosphate buffer; citrate buffer and distilled water) for different maceration times. The most reliable, quick and efficient buffer was found to be phosphate (pH = 6.5) with a 6‐h maceration time, which was used throughout this study. C. cardunculus extract (CE) was found to have high clotting and proteolytic activities. The extracted enzyme was found to be very stable against a wide range of pH values as well as of temperature. The formation of milk gels prepared in the presence of CE with different types of milk was evaluated using dynamic rheology and Turbiscan. The evolution of both elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli was monitored with time. The values of the whole milk enriched with milk powder gels were higher. Coagulum stability was evaluated using Turbiscan. The textural properties and the curd‐firming rate of coagulum were also determined. In conclusion, the prepared CE could be an efficient milk‐clotting agent in the production of dairy products

Foamability and Foam Stability of Male and Female Date Palm Sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.) During the Collection Period

This work aimed to study the influence of date palm sex on the surface properties of date palm sap (DPS) (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during the collection period. The behavior at the interface and foaming properties were evaluated via equilibrium surface tension (drop volume) and bubbling method, respectively. Unlike male sap, the female sap was unable to produce foam due to its low rate of adsorption, low average hydrophobicity values, and low bulk viscosity values throughout the collection period. For male sap, there are significant differences (p<0.05) on foaming properties throughout the collection period. In fact, the last 3 weeks of sap collection were characterized by a decrease pace of surface tension which explains the enhancement of both foam capacity and stability. The last week of collection period present the best foam power (0.9). To explain these differences, the interactions of several factors and their affects on foaming properties were examined. Results showed a positive correlation between foam capacity and average hydrophobicity values. In the other hand, foam stability exhibits a positive correlation with the increase of protein concentration and bulk viscosity

Polysaccharides Extracted From Deverra Tortuosa Wastes: Structural, Functional, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive and Cytotoxic Properties

peer reviewedWater soluble polysaccharides were extracted from waste residues after the industrial production of the essential oil from Deverra tortuosa plant as novel approach for valorization of these wastes. The extraction yield was 7.82%. The chemical composition, structural characterization, functional, antioxidant, antihypertensive and cytotoxic properties of the Deverra tortuosa water-soluble polysaccharides (DTWSP) were treated. This study was carried out using different techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, XRD, zeta potential and DSC to obtain the structural characterization of DTWSP. The X-ray pattern revealed the semi-crystalline behavior of DTWSP. The analysis of the monosaccharide composition by GC–MS showed the presence of glucose galactose, mannitol, gluconic acid, xylose and ribose. In addition, DTWSP exhibited important techno-functional properties (SWC, WSI, WHC and OHC). Antioxidant activities of DTWSP were determined using different antioxidant assays: DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 = 1.26 mg/ml), reducing power, ABTS assay and ferrous chelating capacity. The findings indicated that DTWSP displayed excellent antihypertensive (98.92% at 0.8 mg/ml) and antioxidant activities but low cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell lines. Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Ultrafiltration and thermal processing effects on Maillard reaction products and biological properties of date palm sap syrups (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

The effect of ultrafiltration process and temperature concentration on MRPs content and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of date palm sap syrups were investigated. MRPs were analyzed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by reducing power and DPPH free radical and H2O2 scavenging activities. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method. In vitro cytotoxic activity was examined by cell proliferation assay. Date sap syrups displayed strong antioxidant activities which are correlated 5HMF and 2F contents. In addition, concentration at 100 °C, unlike ultrafiltration process, enhanced significantly the antioxidant activities sap syrups and total phenolic contents. The antimicrobial activities showed marked activity against S. enterica, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 21, 34, 27 and 34mm respectively. Cytotoxicity assays showed that sap syrups can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cell lines at high concentration