Mean regression coefficients of the retention interval between the first and second stimulus for A) V1, B) V2, and C) V3.

<p>Means are presented for both the categorical (cat) and coordinate instruction (coo) as well as the regions that would match and mismatch in comparison to the first stimulus. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM).</p

Schematics of the stimuli used for mapping.

<p>A) A clockwise rotating wedge for polar angle mapping. B) An expanding circle for eccentricity mapping. Arrows are for illustration purposes only.</p

Mean accuracy (Acc) and response times (RT) for both the categorical and coordinate condition.

<p>Standard deviation in parentheses.</p

Mean regression coefficients related to all three stimulus types for A) V1, B) V2, and C) V3.

<p>Means are presented for both the categorical (cat) and coordinate instruction (coo) as well as the first stimulus (S1), the matching region of the second stimulus (S2 match), and the mismatching region of the second stimulus (S2 mismatch). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM).</p

The cross dot stimulus with all possible dot positions.

<p>The central cross was red in all first stimuli (S1) and green in all second stimuli (S2). Note that only one of these dots was present in a single stimulus.</p

All elements of the trialsequence: an interval (10000 ms), first stimulus presentation (300 ms), jittered interval (3000–8000 ms), second stimulus presentation (300 ms), and a fixation cross during which a response could be given (2000 ms).

<p>All elements of the trialsequence: an interval (10000 ms), first stimulus presentation (300 ms), jittered interval (3000–8000 ms), second stimulus presentation (300 ms), and a fixation cross during which a response could be given (2000 ms).</p

Theoretical neuronal populations response to a pair of dots.

<p>The green circles illustrate two sample dots presented on a monitor. The red circles represent gaze position relative to the sample dots. The left panel represents a ‘saccade’ trial when an observer foveates the leftward dot and at the same time encodes the rightward dot by peripheral vision. The right panel represents a ‘fixation’ trial when an observer foveates a central cross while both sample dots are encoded by peripheral vision. The empty circles of variable size correspond to receptive fields (RFs) covering visual field. The lower panels characterize neuronal populations responses to the visual stimuli in the ‘saccade’ (left) and the ‘fixate’ (right) conditions. The peaks of responses correspond to the positions of the dots when viewed individually (black lines) and when viewed simultaneously (red lines, representing the sum of the functions in black). The line between the sample dots in the ‘saccade’ condition symbolizes no direct interactions between the neuronal populations (small overlap of RFs). The arrow between the sample dots in the ‘fixation’ condition signifies a repulsive effect in perceived distance (large overlap of RFs).</p

Consecutive stages of ‘fixate’ and ‘saccade’ trials.

<p>Horizontal separation between two sample dots had to be reproduced after a blank delay period. Distance estimation is based on a stationary reference dot and a movable mouse pointer that appeared on top of each other. The arrows with a depiction of an eye in the ‘saccade’ trial (lower panel) represent eye movements that brought the sample dots onto the fovea. The arrow in the distance estimation phase indicates a shift of the mouse pointer required to reproduce separation between the sample dots.</p

The ratio of separation by eccentricity as a function of that separation.

<p>For the ‘saccade’ (solid line with circles) condition, the eccentricity corresponded directly with the distance between the sample dots. For the ‘fixate’ (dashed line with asterisks) encoding condition, the eccentricity was calculated as the mean eccentricity of the most peripheral dot of a sample pair of dots.</p

Estimation error as a function of sample distance.

<p><b>A.</b> Absolute estimation error as a function of distance between two sample dots. The two encoding conditions: ‘saccade’ and ‘fixate’ (circles with a solid line and asterisks with a dashed line, respectively). <b>B.</b> Estimation bias as a function of sample distance. The sign of the estimation error indicates bias with negative values denoting an underestimation and positive values corresponding to an overestimation of the sample distance. Conventions are the same as in A. <b>C.</b> Standard deviation of the absolute estimation error as a function of separation between the sample dots. Conventions are the same as in A. Error bars denote <i>SEM</i> (n = 7).</p