Abdominal hysterectomy: analysis of clinico-histopathological correlation in Western Rajasthan, India

Background: Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery done in the females worldwide as it provides definitive cure to a wide range of gynecological diseases, both benign and malignant. The indications to perform this major surgery should always be justified and the pathology should be proved histopathologically. Histopathological analysis and review is mandatory to evaluate the appropriateness of the hysterectomy.Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMAID Hospital, Dr. S.N. M.C. Jodhpur (Raj.) during October 2014 to March 2015.Total 105 cases were studied during this period. The study included all women undergoing planned abdominal hysterectomy. Data was recorded on proformas, including demographic characteristics and clinical features. Hysterectomy specimens were saved in 10% formalin and sent to the Department of Pathology. Histopathology reports were analyzed and compared with the indications of surgery to draw various informative conclusions.Results: Of 105 cases, 55(52.38%) were in the age group of 41 – 50, which comprised the commonest age group undergoing the surgery. Maximum women (95%) those underwent hysterectomy were multiparous. Most common preoperatively clinical diagnosis was leiomyoma uterus which was diagnosed clinically and sonographically in 51(48.57%) cases. On Histopathological examination, the commonest pathology, similar to clinical impression, was found to be Leiomyoma at 50.48% (n = 53). Adenomyosis (21.90%) was detected as Second most common pathology. Histopathological confirmation of pre-operative diagnosis was 89% for malignancy, 96% for fibroids, 100% for adenomyosis, 100% for pelvic inflammatory disease.Conclusions: There was a high correlation when the clinical diagnosis was a fibroid, adenomyosis and ovarian mass. Every hysterectomy specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination because it is mandatory for conforming diagnosis and ensuring optimal management, in particular of malignant disease

Ectopic pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and management

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is the most life threatening emergency in pregnancy leading to maternal death. Ectopic pregnancy jeopardizes the wish of attainment of motherhood also. Increase in incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), previous history of D and C and abortion, previous abdominal surgeries and use of assisted reproductive techniques are the various risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the demographic profile, risk factors, clinical presentation and surgical management of ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care centre.Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Umaid Hospital, Dr. SN Medical College, Jodhpur during a period of one year from October 2014 to September 2015. 80 cases of ectopic pregnancy admitted in the hospital were analyzed in terms of demographic profile, risk factors, clinical presentation, management, morbidity, mortality. Finally all collected material and data were analyzed statistically to draw various informative conclusions.Results: Most common age and parity affected by ectopic pregnancy were 21-30 years (63.75%) and para 1-3 (72.50%) respectively. No age and parity were immune to ectopic pregnancy. More than one clinical feature was present in most of the patients. Most common site of ectopic pregnancy was ampullary region (51.25%) of the tube. Salpingectomy was the most common surgical procedure performed (75%). Few patients had more than one complication. 29 cases had no complication. No maternal mortality occurred during this period. Around 50% women received blood transfusion.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition occurring in women all over the world. As the incidence of ectopic pregnancy increases, ways and means have to be found to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality and to preserve future fertility

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Survival and Fertility of Male Anopheles stephensi Liston, Irradiated as Pharate Adults

Effect of radiations on the survival and fertility of male Anopheles stephensi Liston was evaluated in the laboratory with 70 and 100 Gy radiation dose. Irradiation of pharate adults with 100 Gy dose resulted in reduced emergence and longevity as compared to control (0 Gy) and 70 Gy dose. Fecundity and fertility of female An. stephensi mated with male irradiated as pharate adults was determined upto four blood meals. Significant decline was observed in fecundity after each blood meal at 100 Gy as compared to 0 Gy and 70 Gy irradiation. Similarly, the fertility was also decreased after each blood meal at 100 Gy irradiation. The present study indicates the suitability of 100 Gy dose for irradiation of pharate adult stage of mosquito as a part of mosquito management.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India*Corresponding author, Email: dhiman_81@ indiatimes.com Please Cite This Article As:Kavita Yadav, Sunil Dhiman Indra Baruah and Lokendra Singh. 2010. Effect of Gamma Radiation on Survival and Fertility of Male Anopheles stephensi Liston, Irradiated as Pharate Adults. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2/4:06-10.Â

Imaging of Knee Joint Pathologies: A Comparative Study of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been accepted as the best non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of knee joint pathology but the advantages of ultrasound (US) over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are that the ultrasound is readily available, cheap and offers real-time imaging. Aim: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosing knee joint pathologies using MRI as a reference. Materials And Methods: 50 patients were evaluated prospectively over a period of 1.5 years by USG followed by MRI of the affected knee. Accuracy of USG was calculated with MRI as reference. Results: In our study, the majority of patients were in age group 21-30 years. Perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting Baker’s cyst. Near perfect agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for detecting joint effusion, soft tissue edema and osteophytes. Substantial agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for Collateral ligaments tear and Meniscal injuries. Moderate agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for PCL tear. Fair agreement was noted between ultrasound and MRI for ACL tear. Conclusion: Knee USG has high accuracy in diagnosing pathologies like knee joint effusion, synovitis, popliteal/baker’s cysts, soft tissue edema/cellulitis, arthritic changes, collateral ligament and meniscal tears. Keywords: Knee joint pathologies, Ultrasound, MRI, Ligament

Lichen planus of uterine cervix - the first report of a novel site of occurrence: a case report

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Development and Application of High-Density Axiom Cajanus SNP Array with 56K SNPs to Understand the Genome Architecture of Released Cultivars and Founder Genotypes

As one of the major outputs of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a large number of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been developed in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth.]. However, SNPs require a genotyping platform or assay to be used in different evolutionary studies or in crop improvement programs. Therefore, we developed an Axiom Cajanus SNP array with 56K SNPs uniformly distributed across the genome and assessed its utility in a genetic diversity study. From the whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) data on 104 pigeonpea lines, ∼2 million sequence variations (SNPs and insertion–deletions [InDels]) were identified, from which a subset of 56,512 unique and informative sequence variations were selected to develop the array. The Axiom Cajanus SNP array developed was used for genotyping 103 pigeonpea lines encompassing 63 cultivars released between 1960 and 2014 and 40 breeding, germplasm, and founder lines. Genotyping data thus generated on 103 pigeonpea lines provided 51,201 polymorphic SNPs and InDels. Genetic diversity analysis provided in-depth insights into the genetic architecture and trends in temporal diversity in pigeonpea cultivars. Therefore, the continuous use of the high-density Axiom Cajanus SNP array developed will accelerate high-resolution trait mapping, marker-assisted breeding, and genomic selection efforts in pigeonpea

Tetracycline Inducible Gene Manipulation in Serotonergic Neurons

The serotonergic (5-HT) neuronal system has important and diverse physiological functions throughout development and adulthood. Its dysregulation during development or later in adulthood has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Transgenic animal models designed to study the contribution of serotonergic susceptibility genes to a pathological phenotype should ideally allow to study candidate gene overexpression or gene knockout selectively in serotonergic neurons at any desired time during life. For this purpose, conditional expression systems such as the tet-system are preferable. Here, we generated a transactivator (tTA) mouse line (TPH2-tTA) that allows temporal and spatial control of tetracycline (Ptet) controlled transgene expression as well as gene deletion in 5-HT neurons. The tTA cDNA was inserted into a 196 kb PAC containing a genomic mouse Tph2 fragment (177 kb) by homologous recombination in E. coli. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled transgene expression, TPH2-tTA mice were crossed to a Ptet-regulated lacZ reporter line (Ptet-nLacZ). In adult double-transgenic TPH2-tTA/Ptet-nLacZ mice, TPH2-tTA founder line L62-20 showed strong serotonergic β-galactosidase expression which could be completely suppressed with doxycycline (Dox). Furthermore, Ptet-regulated gene expression could be reversibly activated or inactivated when Dox was either withdrawn or added to the system. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled, Cre-mediated gene deletion, TPH2-tTA mice (L62-20) were crossed to double transgenic Ptet-Cre/R26R reporter mice to generate TPH2-tTA/Ptet-Cre/R26R mice. Without Dox, 5-HT specific recombination started at E12.5. With permanent Dox administration, Ptet-controlled Cre-mediated recombination was absent. Dox withdrawal either postnatally or during adulthood induced efficient recombination in serotonergic neurons of all raphe nuclei, respectively. In the enteric nervous system, recombination could not be detected. We generated a transgenic mouse tTA line (TPH2-tTA) which allows both inducible and reversible transgene expression and inducible Cre-mediated gene deletion selectively in 5-HT neurons throughout life. This will allow precise delineation of serotonergic gene functions during development and adulthood

Induction of Labour among Pregnant Women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Induction of labour is the artificial initiation of uterine contraction by various means such as medical, surgical or mechanical with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue is used popularly for the induction of labour in resource-limited health centres. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of induction of labour among pregnant women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in a tertiary care centre from 3 February 2022 to 31 July 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. The women with a singleton pregnancy, reactive non-stress test, and adequate pelvis were included. Women with malpresentation, previous cesarean section, placenta previa, and cephalopelvic disproportion were excluded. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 1355 pregnant women, the prevalence of induction of labour was found to be 135 (9.96%) (8.37-11.55, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of induction of labour among pregnant women was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings

Obstetric Cholestasis among Pregnant Women Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Obstetric cholestasis is one of the most frequent hepatic disorders specific to pregnancy. It occurs commonly during the latter half of pregnancy. The data regarding this issue is rare in our settings. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among pregnant women visiting a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women, who attended a tertiary care centre from 24 July 2022 to 24 January 2023. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the same institute. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 99% Confidence Interval. Results: The prevalence of obstetric cholestasis was 80 (1.38%) (1-1.80, 99% Confidence Interval). A total of 40 (50%) were in the age group 21-30 years, with a mean age of 28.06±6.39 years. A total of 48 (60%) were multigravida and 73 (91.30%) had singleton pregnancies. Pruritus of the whole body was complained of by 56 (70%) patients. Previous history of obstetric cholestasis was present in 21 (26.30%). Conclusions: The prevalence of obstetric cholestasis among pregnant women is lower than other studies done in similar settings