Morus alba L. : creating miles of smiles / Nurhayati Mohamad Zain … [et al.]

The aims of the study are to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of M. alba leaves extract against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). Method: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibiofilm potential of extract was evaluated using biofilm inhibition assay and biofilm eradication assay. Oradex mouthwash with 0.12% CHX was used as a positive control. All experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated four times independently. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 23. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied and level of significance was set at P < 0.001. Results: Morus alba (M.alba) leaves extract showed antimicrobial activity against S.mutans with MIC and MBC, 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively. The adherence of bacteria on extract treated surface (0.5x MIC) was significantly reduced with adherence inhibition percentage of 72.5% compared to positive control CHX 0.12% (63%). At 0.5x MIC concentration, the extract also disrupted preformed biofilms with eradication percentage of 52.87%. Conclusion: The results suggest that M. alba leaves extract represents an untapped source of local plant with antibiofilm activity against S.mutans that could be a resource in the development of therapeutic natural products in managing dental caries

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of sweet basil essential oil on Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of sweet basil essential oil (SBEO) against oral microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were determined in this study. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the disk diffusion method (DDM), where Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were tested against both bacteria. Different formulations of SBEO (microemulsion, emulsion, water) were tested for biofilm dispersion assay on 24 h of preformed biofilm. Commercial chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% w/v was used as a positive control. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the changes on the treated surface. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. All formulations of SBEO showed antimicrobial activities against the tested microorganisms. Exposure to 2.5% (v/v) microemulsion for two min exhibited 42.56% and 32.10% (p<0.001) of biofilm dispersion for S. mutans and S. aureus, respectively. The SEM micrographs revealed the number of microorganisms on the treated group surface reduced compared to the negative controls. SBEO exerts an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect on S. mutans and S. aureus. This finding suggests that the SBEO microemulsion has the potential to control planktonic S. mutans and S. aureus and their biofilm formation in the oral environment

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of sweet basil essential oil on Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of sweet basil essential oil (SBEO) against oral microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were determined in this study. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the disk diffusion method (DDM), where Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were tested against both bacteria. Different formulations of SBEO (microemulsion, emulsion, water) were tested for biofilm dispersion assay on 24 h of preformed biofilm. Commercial chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% w/v was used as a positive control. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the changes on the treated surface. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was applied, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. All formulations of SBEO showed antimicrobial activities against the tested microorganisms. Exposure to 2.5% (v/v) microemulsion for two min exhibited 42.56% and 32.10% (p<0.001) of biofilm dispersion for S. mutans and S. aureus, respectively. The SEM micrographs revealed the number of microorganisms on the treated group surface reduced compared to the negative controls. SBEO exerts an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect on S. mutans and S. aureus. This finding suggests that the SBEO microemulsion has the potential to control planktonic S. mutans and S. aureus and their biofilm formation in the oral environment

Ficus deltoidea leaves extracts - promising therapeutic agent for oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis / Vivi Noryati Ahmad … [ et al.]

The aims of this study are to investigate antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Ficus deltoidea (F. deltoidea) leaves extract against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methods: The antifungal activity was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The potential of F. deltoidea leaves extract as antibiofilm agent was evaluated using biofilm inhibition assay and biofilm eradication assay. Chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) was used as a positive control. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and repeated four times independently. All the data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 23. Statistical significance measured using Kruskal Wallis test and post-hoc Mann Whitney test which presented as means ±SD with P value <0.001. Results: F. deltoidea extract showed antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC and MFC, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively. The extract exhibited inhibitory effect on candida biofilm formation (69.5%). The preformed biofilm was significantly dispersed by extract upon 5 minutes treatment with eradication percentages 66.63%. The biofilm inhibition and biofilm eradication percentages for positive control CHX 0.12% were 43.0% and 58.97% respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest the potential of F. deltoidea leaves extract as preventative and therapeutic agents against candida biofilm-related infections such as oral andidiasis and denture stomatitis

Aloe emodin induces apoptosis in ER+-breast cancer cells; MCF-7 through IGF-1R signalling pathway

Two-third of breast cancer patients expressed estrogen receptors (ER)s and received endocrine treatment with established anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. But the action and acquired resistance during treatment are largely unknown. In contrary, phytochemicals are more selective and less cytotoxic to normal cells. Accordingly, we found aloe emodin, an anthraquinone to inhibit the proliferation of ER+-breast cancer cells, MCF-7 with IC50 of 80 μM, but not affecting control breast cells, MCF-10A. Tamoxifen was non-selective to both cells with IC50 of 27 and 38 μM, respectively. Thus, we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative mechanism of aloe emodin on MCF-7 and its underlying signalling compared to tamoxifen. Cells were treated separately with aloe emodin and tamoxifen at respective IC50 for 72 h. Apoptosis was determined using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and B-raf gene was investigated using QuantiGene 2.0 Plex assay. Paired-student t-test and ANOVA test were used to compare between untreated and treated cells on the measured parameters. Each treatment was conducted in triplicate and repeated three times. Significance was set at p<0.05. The presences of early and late apoptosis in MCF-7 were seen in both treatments. All target genes were down regulated. The anti-proliferation effect of aloe emodin on MCF-7 is similar with tamoxifen which mediates inhibition of IGF-1R signalling pathway. This suggests aloe emodin as a potential anti-cancer agent to be used in combined anti-estrogen therapy to enhance its efficacy in ER+-breast cancer treatment

Cytotoxic effect of dillapiole on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives play a significant role in anticancer drug therapy since they are effective against specific characteristics while reducing side effects. Dillapiole is a phenylpropanoid that holds several bioactivities like anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, and anti-cancer. This study aims to investigate the possible cytotoxic effect of dillapiole on human breast cancer, MCF-7 cells. Cells were cultured in complete RPMI media and incubated at standard culture conditions. After the cells reached 80% confluency, cells were treated with various concentrations (ranging from 0 μM to 150 μM) of dillapiole and tamoxifen as a positive control. Cells were later incubated at 48 and 72 h. Using WST-1 assay, the cytotoxic effect was determined for both incubation times. Results show tamoxifen inhibited the MCF-7 cells with the IC50 at 75.9 μM and 39.8 μM for 48 and 72 h respectively. Parallel with the positive control results, there was a significant cytotoxic effect of dillapiole against MCF-7 cells at 48- and 72-hr incubation with the IC50 at 92.1 μM and 63.1 μM respectively. Based on these results, dillapiole was cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells and its cytotoxic activity was both in a time and dose-dependent manner (<0.05). The morphological analysis supported the WST-1 assay. Our preliminary finding is in agreement with other previous studies, suggesting that dillapiole appears to be a promising anti-cancer agent and opens a wider possibility of downstream analysis on its underlying cytotoxicity mechanism

Cytotoxic effect of dillapiole on human breast cancer MCF-7 CELLS

Plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives play a significant role in anticancer drug therapy since they are effective against specific characteristics while reducing side effects. Dillapiole is a phenylpropanoid that holds several bioactivities like anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, and anti-cancer. This study aims to investigate the possible cytotoxic effect of dillapiole on human breast cancer, MCF-7 cells. Cells were cultured in complete RPMI media and incubated at standard culture conditions. After the cells reached 80% confluency, cells were treated with various concentrations (ranging from 0 μM to 150 μM) of dillapiole and tamoxifen as a positive control. Cells were later incubated at 48 and 72 h. Using WST-1 assay, the cytotoxic effect was determined for both incubation times. Results show tamoxifen inhibited the MCF-7 cells with the IC50 at 75.9 μM and 39.8 μM for 48 and 72 h respectively. Parallel with the positive control results, there was a significant cytotoxic effect of dillapiole against MCF-7 cells at 48- and 72-hr incubation with the IC50 at 92.1 μM and 63.1 μM respectively. Based on these results, dillapiole was cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells and its cytotoxic activity was both in a time and dose-dependent manner (<0.05). The morphological analysis supported the WST-1 assay. Our preliminary finding is in agreement with other previous studies, suggesting that dillapiole appears to be a promising anti-cancer agent and opens a wider possibility of downstream analysis on its underlying cytotoxicity mechanism

Anti-Cancer Effect of Aloe Emodin on Breast Cancer Cells, MCF

Abstract-Phytochemicals of some plants are believed to have natural anti-proliferative properties to various cancer cells. Thus, they might have the potential as alternative choice for contemporary treatment as the latter are usually associated with many unpleasant side effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible anti-cancer effect of aloe emodin (AE; 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-hydro-xymethyl-anthraquinone) on estrogenpositive breast cancer cells, MCF-7. We were able to demonstrate the efficiency of AE, an antraquinone derivatives which are present in Aloe Vera leaves, in limiting the proliferation effect of MCF-7 cells in a dose and time dependent manner using WST-1 assay. Our preliminary result suggests that AE could be a promising natural candidate for future pharmacological study, targeting in breast cancer prevention strategies