Security and Citizenship in Global South: In/securing citizens in early Republican Turkey (1923-1946)

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The relationship between security and citizenship is more complex than media portrayals based on binary oppositions seem to suggest (included/excluded, security/insecurity), or mainstream approaches to International Relations (IR) and security seem to acknowledge. This is particularly the case in the post-imperial and/or postcolonial contexts of global South where the transition of people from subjecthood to citizenship is better understood as a process of in/securing. For, people were secured domestically as they became citizens with access to a regime of rights and duties. People were also secured internationally as citizens of newly independent ‘nation-states’ who were protected against interventions and/or ‘indirect rule’ by the (European) International Society, whose practices were often justified on grounds of the former’s ‘failings’ in meeting the so-called ‘standards of civilization’. Yet, people were also rendered insecure as they sought to approximate and/or resist the citizen imaginaries of the newly established ‘nation-states’. The article illustrates this argument by looking at the case of Turkey in the early Republican era (1923–1946)

Engineering multiple levels of specificity in an RNA viral vector

Synthetic molecular circuits could provide powerful therapeutic capabilities, but delivering them to specific cell types and controlling them remains challenging. An ideal "smart" viral delivery system would enable controlled release of viral vectors from "sender" cells, conditional entry into target cells based on cell-surface proteins, conditional replication specifically in target cells based on their intracellular protein content, and an evolutionarily robust system that allows viral elimination with drugs. Here, combining diverse technologies and components, including pseudotyping, engineered bridge proteins, degrons, and proteases, we demonstrate each of these control modes in a model system based on the rabies virus. This work shows how viral and protein engineering can enable delivery systems with multiple levels of control to maximize therapeutic specificity

Linearisable Mappings and the Low-Growth Criterion

We examine a family of discrete second-order systems which are integrable through reduction to a linear system. These systems were previously identified using the singularity confinement criterion. Here we analyse them using the more stringent criterion of nonexponential growth of the degrees of the iterates. We show that the linearisable mappings are characterised by a very special degree growth. The ones linearisable by reduction to projective systems exhibit zero growth, i.e. they behave like linear systems, while the remaining ones (derivatives of Riccati, Gambier mapping) lead to linear growth. This feature may well serve as a detector of integrability through linearisation.Comment: 9 pages, no figur

Investigating the governing factors influencing the pozzolanic activity through a database approach for the development of sustainable cementitious materials

Pozzolans, known to possess high pozzolanic activity, enhances the long-term engineering properties of concrete due to the consumption of calcium hydroxide and the consequent formation of the calcium-silicate-hydrate gels within the cementitious matrix. Although the key factors that affect the pozzolanic activity such as the chemical composition, amorphousness, and fineness are commonly addressed in literature, there is a growing need to further gain an insight into the factors that govern this activity in a more comprehensive approach. The aim of this empirical study is to develop concrete models comprising optimal replacement of pozzolans based on the governing factors affecting the activity through the database approach. The database, consisting of 631 number of data points harvested from the literature, is established to determine the optimum replacement levels of the designated pozzolans in concrete. The governing factors therefore played a key role in establishing the boundary conditions that enabled the potential concrete models to be generated particularly for the sustainability assessment of concrete incorporating pozzolans. The study shows that the optimum replacement levels in con- crete mixtures are 15–50% for GGBS, 10–35% for fly ash, and 5–15% for silica fume. The study furthermore demonstrated that the utilisation of these substitutions leaded a considerable reduction in carbon emissions that ranged from 13% to 43% for GGBS, 9–31% for fly ash, and 4–13% for silica fume. The study significantly contributes to the generation of greener construction materials, and offers a cleaner disposal route for the pozzolans principally compared to the traditional waste management alternatives

Integrable systems without the Painlev\'e property

We examine whether the Painlev\'e property is a necessary condition for the integrability of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We show that for a large class of linearisable systems this is not the case. In the discrete domain, we investigate whether the singularity confinement property is satisfied for the discrete analogues of the non-Painlev\'e continuous linearisable systems. We find that while these discrete systems are themselves linearisable, they possess nonconfined singularities

On the new translational shape invariant potentials

Recently, several authors have found new translational shape invariant potentials not present in classic classifications like that of Infeld and Hull. For example, Quesne on the one hand and Bougie, Gangopadhyaya and Mallow on the other have provided examples of them, consisting on deformations of the classical ones. We analyze the basic properties of the new examples and observe a compatibility equation which has to be satisfied by them. We study particular cases of such equation and give more examples of new translational shape invariant potentials.Comment: 9 pages, uses iopart10.clo, version

A Bilinear Approach to Discrete Miura Transformations

We present a systematic approach to the construction of Miura transformations for discrete Painlev\'e equations. Our method is based on the bilinear formalism and we start with the expression of the nonlinear discrete equation in terms of $\tau$-functions. Elimination of $\tau$-functions from the resulting system leads to another nonlinear equation, which is a ``modified'' version of the original equation. The procedure therefore yields Miura transformations. In this letter, we illustrate this approach by reproducing previously known Miura transformations and constructing new ones.Comment: 7 pages in TeX, to appear in Phys. Letts.