Immunization of health-care personnel : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

"This report updates the previously published summary of recommendations for vaccinating health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States (CDC. Immunization of health-care workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP] and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee [HICPAC]. MMWR 1997;46[No. RR-18]). This report was reviewed by and includes input from the Healthcare (formerly Hospital) Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. These updated recommendations can assist hospital administrators, infection-control practitioners, employee health clinicians, and HCP in optimizing infection prevention and control programs. The recommendations for vaccinating HCP are presented by disease in two categories: 1) those diseases for which vaccination or documentation of immunity is recommended because of risks to HCP in their work settings for acquiring disease or transmitting to patients and 2) those for which vaccination might be indicated in certain circumstances. Background information for each vaccine-preventable disease and specific recommendations for use of each vaccine are presented. Certain infection-control measures that relate to vaccination also are included in this report. In addition, ACIP recommendations for the remaining vaccines that are recommended for certain or all adults are summarized, as are considerations for catch-up and travel vaccinations and for work restrictions. This report summarizes all current ACIP recommendations for vaccination of HCP and does not contain any new recommendations or policies. The recommendations provided in this report apply, but are not limited, to HCP in acute-care hospitals; long-term--care facilities (e.g., nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities); physician's offices; rehabilitation centers; urgent care centers, and outpatient clinics as well as to persons who provide home health care and emergency medical services." - p.1Introduction -- Methods -- Diseases for which vaccination is recommended -- Diseases for which vaccination might be indicated in certain circumstances -- Other vaccines recommended for adults -- Acknowledgments -- Referencesprepared by Abigail Shefer, William Atkinson, Carole Friedman, David T. Kuhar, Gina Mootrey, Stephanie R. Bialek, Amanda Cohn, Anthony Fiore, Lisa Grohskopf, Jennifer L. Liang, Suchita A. Lorick, Mona Marin, Eric Mintz, Trudy V. Murphy, Anna Newton, Amy Parker Fiebelkorn, Jane Seward, Gregory Wallace."The material in this report originated in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director." - p. 1Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-37).Infectious DiseaseOccupational HealthPrevention and ControlCurrentACIP2210858

Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

"In June 2005 and June 2006, ACIP adopted new recommendations regarding the use of live, attenuated varicella vaccines for prevention of varicella. This report revises, updates, and replaces the 1996 and 1999 ACIP statements for prevention of varicella. The new recommendations include 1) implementation of a routine 2-dose varicella vaccination program for children, with the first dose administered at age 12-15 months and the second dose at age 4-6 years; 2) a second dose catch-up varicella vaccination for children, adolescents, and adults who previously had received 1 dose; 3) routine vaccination of all healthy persons aged >13 years without evidence of immunity; 4) prenatal assessment and postpartum vaccination; 5) expanding the use of the varicella vaccine for HIV-infected children with age-specific CD4+T lymphocyte percentages of 15%-24% and adolescents and adults with CD4+T lymphocyte counts >200 cells/\u3bcL; and 6) establishing middle school, high school, and college entry vaccination requirements. ACIP also approved criteria for evidence of immunity to varicella." - p. 1prepared by Mona Marin, Dalya Gu\u308ris, Sandra S. Chaves, Scott Schmid, Jane F. Seward, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDCIncludes bibliographical references (p. 32-37).Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlCurrentACI

Yellow fever vaccine : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2002

This report updates CDC's recommendations for using yellow fever vaccine (CDC. Yellow Fever Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices: MMWR 1990;39[No. RR-6]1-6). The 2002 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) reports of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (previously reported as febrile multiple organ system failure); 2) use of yellow fever vaccine for pregnant women and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and 3) concurrent use of yellow fever vaccine with other vaccines. A link to this report and other information related to yellow fever can be accessed at the website for Travelers' Health, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, at http://www.cdc.gov/travel/index.htm, and through the website for the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dvbid/yellowfever/index.htm.Introduction -- Yellow fever vaccine -- Precautions and contraindications -- Surveillance and research priorities -- References -- Appendix: Waiver letters from physiciansprepared by Martin S. Cetron, Anthony A. Marfin, Kathleen G. Julian, Duane J. Gubler, Donald J. Sharp, Rachel S. Barwick. Leisa H. Weld, Robert Chen, Richard D. Clover, Jaime Deseda-Tous, Victor Marchessault, Paul A. Offit, and Thomas P. Monath."November 8, 2002."The material in this report originated in the National Center for Infectious Diseases, James M. Hughes, M.D., Director, and the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Tony D. Perez, Director.Includes bibliographical references (p. 9-10).Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlSupersededACIPEMBeltrami9/02/20151243719

Prevention of varicella : updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

"In February 1999, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded recommendations for varicella (chickenpox) vaccine to promote wider use of the vaccine for susceptible children and adults. The updated recommendations include establishing child care and school entry requirements, use of the vaccine following exposure and for outbreak control, use of the vaccine for some children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and vaccination of adults and adolescents at high risk for exposure. These recommendations also provide new information on varicella vaccine postlicensure safety data." - p. 1"The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Karin Galil,.Gina P. Mootrey,.Jane Seward, Melinda Wharton, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program." - p. ivIncludes bibliographical references (p. 5).10366137Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlSupersededACI

Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2007

"This report updates the 2006 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2006;55[No. RR-10]). The groups of persons for whom vaccination is recommended and the antiviral medications recommended for chemoprophylaxis or treatment (oseltamivir or zanamivir) have not changed. Estimated vaccination coverage remains 6 weeks) or trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (doses separated by >4 weeks), with single annual doses in subsequent years; 2) recommending that children aged 6 months--8 years who received only 1 dose in their first year of vaccination receive 2 doses the following year, with single annual doses in subsequent years; 3) highlighting a previous recommendation that all persons, including school-aged children, who want to reduce the risk of becoming ill with influenza or of transmitting influenza to others should be vaccinated; 4) emphasizing that immunization providers should offer influenza vaccine and schedule immunization clinics throughout the influenza season; 5) recommending that health-care facilities consider the level of vaccination coverage among HCP to be one measure of a patient safety quality program and implement policies to encourage HCP vaccination (e.g., obtaining signed statements from HCP who decline influenza vaccination); and 6) using the 2007-2008 trivalent vaccine virus strains A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)-like (new for this season), A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like, and B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like antigens. This report and other information are available at CDC's influenza website (http://www.cdc.gov/flu). Updates or supplements to these recommendations (e.g., expanded age or risk group indications for currently licensed vaccines) might be required. Immunization providers should be alert to announcements of recommendation updates and should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information." - p. 1Introduction -- Primary Changes and Updates in the Recommendations -- Influenza and Its Burden 3 -- Options for Controlling Influenza -- Comparison of LAIV with Inactivated Influenza Vaccine -- Cost-Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine -- Vaccination Coverage Levels -- -- Recommendations for Using Inactivated and Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccines -- Target Groups for Vaccination -- Additional Information Regarding Vaccination of Specific Populations -- Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Recommendations -- Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Recommendations -- Recommended Vaccines for Different Age Groups -- Influenza Vaccine Supply and Timing of Annual Influenza Vaccination -- Strategies for Implementing Vaccination Recommendations in Health-Care Settings -- Future Directions for Research and Recommendations Related to Influenza Vaccine -- -- Recommendations for Using Antiviral Agents for Influenza -- Antiviral Agents for Influenza -- Role of Laboratory Diagnosis -- Antiviral Drug-Resistant Strains of Influenza Virus Indications for Use of Antivirals When Susceptibility Exists -- Dosage -- Route -- Pharmacokinetics -- Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- Use During Pregnancy -- Drug Interactions -- -- Information Regarding the Vaccines for Children Program -- -- Sources of Information Regarding Influenza and Its Surveillance -- -- Reporting of Adverse Events Following Vaccination -- -- Additional Information Regarding Influenza Virus Infection Control Among Specific Populations -- -- Referencesprepared by Anthony E. Fiore, David K. Shay, Penina Haber, John K. Iskander, Timothy M. Uyeki, Gina Mootrey, Joseph S. Bresee, Nancy J. Cox."July 13, 20067"Cover title.The material in this report originated in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director; the Influenza Division, Nancy Cox, PhD, Director; and the Immunization Services Division, Lance Rodewald, MD, Director.Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-53)

Combination vaccines for childhood immunization : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)

An increasing number of new and improved vaccines to prevent childhood diseases are being introduced. Combination vaccines represent one solution to the problem of increased numbers of injections during single clinic visits. This statement provides general guidance on the use of combination vaccines and related issues and questions. To minimize the number of injections children receive, parenteral combination vaccines should be used, if licensed and indicated for the patient's age, instead of their equivalent component vaccines. Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, in either monovalent or combination formulations from the same or different manufacturers, are interchangeable for sequential doses in the vaccination series. However, using acellular pertussis vaccine product(s) from the same manufacturer is preferable for at least the first three doses, until studies demonstrate the interchangeability of these vaccines. Immunization providers should stock sufficient types of combination and monovalent vaccines needed to vaccinate children against all diseases for which vaccines are recommended, but they need not stock all available types or brandname products. When patients have already received the recommended vaccinations for some of the components in a combination vaccine, administering the extra antigen(s) in the combination is often permissible if doing so will reduce the number of injections required. To overcome recording errors and ambiguities in the names of vaccine combinations, improved systems are needed to enhance the convenience and accuracy of transferring vaccine-identifying information into medical records and immunization registries. Further scientific and programmatic research is needed on specific questions related to the use of combination vaccines."The following CDC staff member prepared this report: Bruce G. Weniger, M.D., M.P.H., Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program." - p. ivIncludes bibliographical references (p. 8-12).10353568Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlSupersededACI

Guidelines for vaccinating pregnant women: abstracted from recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

The table on the following page may be used to find the general rule for vaccinating a pregnant woman with a particular vaccine. The third column of the table refers the reader to the page in this document where more specific information from the appropriate ACIP recommendations will be found. Each quotation from an ACIP recommendation in turn references the entire document, where the quotation(s) may be found in context.March 2013.Available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (141.93 KB, 13 p.).Includes bibliographical references (p. 9-10)

Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009

This report updates the 2008 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2008;57[No. RR-7]). Information on vaccination issues related to the recently identified novel influenza A H1N1 virus will be published later in 2009. The 2009 seasonal influenza recommendations include new and updated information. Highlights of the 2009 recommendations include 1) a recommendation that annual vaccination be administered to all children aged 6 months--18 years for the 2009--10 influenza season; 2) a recommendation that vaccines containing the 2009--10 trivalent vaccine virus strains A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like, A/Brisbane/ 0/2007 (H3N2)-like, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigens be used; and ) a notice that recommendations for influenza diagnosis and antiviral use will be published before the start of the 2009--10 influenza season. Vaccination efforts should begin as soon as vaccine is available and continue through the influenza season. Approximately 83% of the United States population is specifically recommended for annual vaccination against seasonal influenza; however, <40% of the U.S. oulation received the 2008--09 influenza vaccine. These recommendations also include a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines. These recommendations and other information are available at CDC's influenza website (http://www.cdc.gov/flu ); any updates or supplements that might be required during the 2009--10 influenza season also can be found at this website. accination and health-care providers should be alert to announcements of recommendation updates and should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information. - p 1.Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlSupersededACIP1/13/2014JCSmithIntroduction -- Methods -- Primary changes and updates in the recommendations -- Background and epidemiology -- Influenza vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and safety -- Recommendations for using TIV and LAIV during the 2009-10 influenza season -- Vaccination of specific populations -- Recommendations for vaccination administration and vaccination programs -- Future directions for research and recommendations related to influenza vaccine -- Seasonal influenza vaccine and influenza viruses of animal origin -- Recommendations for using antiviral agents for seasonal influenza -- Sources of information regarding influenza and its surveillance -- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) -- National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program -- Additional information regarding influenza virus infection control among specific populationsprepared by prepared by Anthony E. Fiore, David K. Shay, Karen Broder, John K. Iskander, Timothy M. Uyeki, Gina Mootrey, Joseph S. Bresee, Nancy J. Cox"The material in this report originated in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director; the Influenza Division, Nancy Cox, PhD, Director; the Office of the Chief Science Officer, Tanja Popovic, MD, Chief Science Officer; the Immunization Safety Office, Frank Destefano, MD, Director; and the Immunization Services Division, Lance Rodewald, MD, Director." - p. 1Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-51).1964444

Prevention of herpes zoster : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

"These recommendations represent the first statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on the use of a live attenuated vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster (zoster) (i.e., shingles) and its sequelae, which was licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 25, 2006. This report summarizes the epidemiology of zoster and its sequelae, describes the zoster vaccine, and provides recommendations for its use among adults aged >60 years in the United States. Zoster is a localized, generally painful cutaneous eruption that occurs most frequently among older adults and immunocompromised persons. It is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) decades after initial VZV infection is established. Approximately one in three persons will develop zoster during their lifetime, resulting in an estimated 1 million episodes in the United States annually. A common complication of zoster is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a chronic, often debilitating pain condition that can last months or even years. The risk for PHN in patients with zoster is 10%--18%. Another complication of zoster is eye involvement, which occurs in 10%--25% of zoster episodes and can result in prolonged or permanent pain, facial scarring, and loss of vision. Approximately 3% of patients with zoster are hospitalized; many of these episodes involved persons with one or more immunocompromising conditions. Deaths attributable to zoster are uncommon among persons who are not immunocompromised. Prompt treatment with the oral antiviral agents acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir decreases the severity and duration of acute pain from zoster. Additional pain control can be achieved in certain patients by supplementing antiviral agents with corticosteroids and with analgesics. Established PHN can be managed in certain patients with analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, and other agents. Licensed zoster vaccine is a lyophilized preparation of a live, attenuated strain of VZV, the same strain used in the varicella vaccines. However, its minimum potency is at least 14-times the potency of single-antigen varicella vaccine. In a large clinical trial, zoster vaccine was partially efficacious at preventing zoster. It also was partially efficacious at reducing the severity and duration of pain and at preventing PHN among those developing zoster. Zoster vaccine is recommended for all persons aged >60 years who have no contraindications, including persons who report a previous episode of zoster or who have chronic medical conditions. The vaccine should be offered at the patient's first clinical encounter with his or her health-care provider. It is administered as a single 0.65 mL dose subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the arm. A booster dose is not licensed for the vaccine. Zoster vaccination is not indicated to treat acute zoster, to prevent persons with acute zoster from developing PHN, or to treat ongoing PHN. Before administration of zoster vaccine, patients do not need to be asked about their history of varicella (chickenpox) or to have serologic testing conducted to determine varicella immunity." - p. 1Introduction -- Methods -- Background -- Zoster Vaccine -- The Economic Burden of Zoster and Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccination -- Summary of Rationale for Zoster Vaccine -- Recommendations for Use of Zoster Vaccine -- Future Research and Directions -- Additional Information About Zoster and Zoster Vaccine -- Acknowledgments -- Referencesprepared by Rafael Harpaz, Ismael R. Ortega-Sanchez, Jane F. Seward.The material in this report originated in the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director; and the Division of Viral Diseases, Larry Anderson, MD, Director.Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-29).18528318Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlCurrentACI

Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

prepared by Scott Harper, Keiji Fukuda, Timothy M. Uyeki, Nancy J. Cox, Carolyn B. Bridges.Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-40).Infectious DiseasePrevention and ControlSupersededACIP1/13/2014JCSmith1608645