Yo ung adults' social drinking as explained by an augmented theoryofp lanned behaviour: The roles of prototypes, willingness, and gender

Objective. This study focused on young adults' alcohol consumption in social contexts. Ad ual-process model (including reasoned action and social reaction) was applied by combining the theoryo fp lanned behaviour (TPB) and the prototype/ willingness model. Ak ey question was whether willingness and actor and abstainer prototype variables would augment the TPB by increasing explained variance. Design. Participants completedq uestionnaires priort os pendinga ne vening socializing over the weekend (Time 1). Behavioural data were obtained by telephone interviews af ew days after the social drinking occasion (Time 2). Method. N ¼ 300 people (mean age 25 years) took partinthe study.The outcome measure of pure alcohol in grams was calculated based on participants' reports about their consumed drinks. Multigroup path analyses werec onducted because of sex differences on behavioural and psychological variables. Results. The TPB explained 35% of the variance in men'sand 41% in women'salcohol consumption. Augmentation with prototype perception and willingness contributed significantly to the prediction of intention ( D R 2 ¼ : 07) and alcohol consumption for men ( D R 2 ¼ : 14). As ignificant interaction implied that willingness led to heavy drinking particularly among those men who made negative evaluations of the abstainer prototype. Conclusion. Women'salcohol consumption is explained by TPB variables via amore controlled reasoned-action path only,whereas additional processes (e.g., pursuing the actor image intentionally,rejecting the abstainer image more intuitively) areimportant for men. The moderating role of gender is discussed in light of traditional gender roles and recent trends in alcohol consumption

Kiri tundmatule

Immermann, Karl Leberecht, 1796-1840, saksa kirjanik ja juristTeatab adressaadile, et kohaliku masinistiga on õnnestunud lahkehelidest hoolimata lepingut jätkat

Assessing agonistic potential of a candidate therapeutic anti-IL21R antibody

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Selective neutralization of the IL21/IL21R signaling pathway is a promising approach for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. Ab-01 is a human neutralizing anti-IL21R antibody. In order to ensure that the activities of Ab-01 are restricted to neutralization even under <it>in vitro </it>cross-linking and <it>in vivo </it>conditions, a comprehensive assessment of agonistic potential of Ab-01 was undertaken.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>In vitro </it>antibody cross-linking and cell culture protocols reported for studies with a human agonistic antibody, TGN1412, were followed for Ab-01. rhIL21, the agonist ligand of the targeted receptor, and cross-linked anti-CD28 were used as positive controls for signal transduction. <it>In vivo </it>agonistic potential of Ab-01 was assessed by measuring expression levels of cytokine storm-associated and IL21 pathway genes in blood of cynomolgus monkeys before and after IV administration of Ab-01.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a comprehensive set of assays that detected multiple activation signals in the presence of the positive control agonists, <it>in vitro </it>Ab-01-dependent activation was not detected in either PBMCs or the rhIL21-responsive cell line Daudi. Furthermore, no difference in gene expression levels was detected in blood before and after <it>in vivo </it>Ab-01 dosing of cynomolgus monkeys.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Despite efforts to intentionally force an agonistic signal from Ab-01, none could be detected.</p

Jahrbuch des Pädagogiums zum Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen in Magdeburg und Einladung zum Schulaktus / Die christliche Lehre : ein Leitfaden für den Unterricht in der ersten Klasse gelehrter Schulen

vom Prof. ImmermannErschienen: 1.184

Merlin : eine Mythe

von Karl Immerman