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Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Nazım Hikmetİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Cross-adaptation between Olfactory Responses Induced by Two Subgroups of Odorant Molecules

It has long been believed that vertebrate olfactory signal transduction is mediated by independent multiple pathways (using cAMP and InsP3 as second messengers). However, the dual presence of parallel pathways in the olfactory receptor cell is still controversial, mainly because of the lack of information regarding the single-cell response induced by odorants that have been shown to produce InsP3 exclusively (but not cAMP) in the olfactory cilia. In this study, we recorded activities of transduction channels of single olfactory receptor cells to InsP3-producing odorants. When the membrane potential was held at −54 mV, application of InsP3-producing odorants to the ciliary region caused an inward current. The reversal potential was 0 ± 7 mV (mean ± SD, n = 10). Actually, InsP3-producing odorants generated responses in a smaller fraction of cells (lilial, 3.4%; lyral, 1.7%) than the cAMP-producing odorant (cineole, 26%). But, fundamental properties of responses were surprisingly homologous; namely, spatial distribution of the sensitivity, waveforms, I-V relation, and reversal potential, dose dependence, time integration of stimulus period, adaptation, and recovery. By applying both types of odorants alternatively to the same cell, furthermore, we observed cells to exhibit symmetrical cross-adaptation. It seems likely that even with odorants with different modalities adaptation occurs completely depending on the amount of current flow. The data will also provide evidence showing that olfactory response generation and adaptation are regulated by a uniform mechanism for a wide variety of odorants

Crystallization characteristics of amorphous trehalose dried from alcohol

Trehalose forms a glass that can be used to preserve labile substances under desiccation. The crystallization characteristics, namely crystallization temperature (Tcry) and isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous trehalose, dried from alcohol (methanol, ethanol), was analyzed and the results were compared with those for the amorphous trehalose freeze-dried from water. The use of alcohol as a solvent lowered the Tcry from 184 ± 6 °C for the case of an aqueous solvent to 103 ± 5 °C/methanol and 120 ± 8 °C/ethanol. The formation of multiple forms of crystals and partial melting were suggested by the thermal analysis. Isothermal crystallization experiments showed that the alcohol-originated amorphous trehalose was eventually exclusively converted into β-form crystals. The induction period (tind) before the start of isothermal crystallization was markedly shortened when alcohol was used as the solvent compared to water. The tind values for various amorphous sugar samples including the alcohol-originated ones could be correlated with difference between Tcry and the sample temperature

Residual Neutron-Induced Radionuclides in Samples Exposed to the Nuclear Explosion over Hiroshima:Comparison of the Measured Values with the Calculated Values : I. DOSIMETRY

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科物質情報解析金沢大学理学部Residual radionuclides induced by neutrons from the Hiroshima atomic bomb have been measured at Kanazawa University for these 14 years. The results of ^Eu, ^Eu and ^Co are reviewed in this paper. Where appropriate, an attempt is made to provide our new data with the aim of reinterpreting our published data. From the comparison of the measured values with the calculated values by DS86 methodology, we may point out here: (1) that close agreement was found between measured and calculated values for the specific radioactivity of ^Eu in the samples exposed at ground ranges between 320 m and 720 m; (2) that the calculated/measured ratios for the specific radioactivity of ^Eu were, however, larger than unity in the vicinity of ground zero and smaller than unity at locations more than 1000 m apart from ground zero; (3) that, in the vicinity of ground zero, epithermal neutron fluence evaluated from a set of measured specific radioactivities of ^Eu, ^Eu and ^Co showed a close agreement with the calculated result, whereas thermal neutron fluence evaluated in the same way was different from the calculated result; and (4) that the depth distribution of the specific radioactivity of ^Eu in a wall sample which was exposed at the location 320m from ground zero approximately agreed with the calculated result

離島集団検診における未受診者の課題

五島奈留町において昭和46年から毎年継続して集団検診を行ってきて，平成10年で27年になる．総合検診が確立した昭和60年から平成7年までの11年間の集団検診のデータを基に調査を行い，昭和60年から平成2年の6年間を前期，平成3年から平成7年の5年間を後期とした．癌死亡率の推移を見ると，前期平均31.1％，後期平均27.3％と有意（P. We thus concluded this long term general mass screening program to be an effective community measure for reducing the mortality rate of cancers. However, various issues remain regarding non-participants in the mass screening program among inhabitants who live in such a medically depopulated area. We carried out a questionnaire survey and an interview both by telephone and home visits, on a total of 882 individuals (males:427, females:455) who had not participted in the mass screening program for at least 5 years and were all over 40 years of age and residents of Naru town. The objective of this story was to evaluate the non-participants in this mass screening program