Comparison Effect of CV 12, ST 36 and ST 40 EA on Short Term Energy Balance Regulation in High Fat Diet Rat

The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effects of EA (EA) on the CV12, ST36 and ST40 to weight gain prevention over the short-term regulation of energy balance. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design. Rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (no treatment, n=5), positive control (sham EA/back, n=5), EA CV 12 (n=6), EA ST 36 (n=6) and EA ST 40 (n=7). Rats were exposed to high-fat diet for two weeks and EA was simultaneously performed once daily, five days a week for two weeks with 2 Hz, for 10 minutes with continuous wave. Body weight, BMI, front limb circumference and rear were measured during study. Levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at the end of the study; which reflects the short-term regulation of energy homeostasis. For weight loss, EA CV12, ST36 and ST40 group have lost weight significantly compared to the negative and positive control group. The ST40 group has a significant decrease than ST36 and CV12. The most significant decrease in BMI found in the ST40 group. EA did not affect blood glucose levels, but modulated blood lipid profile. In ST 40 group there was a significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. EA at point ST 40 is potential in preventing increased body weight and BMI in rats exposed to high-fat diet compared to the CV 12 and ST 36. ST 40 is a point with a potential of lowering LDL and triglycerides serum so that it can play a role in the short term regulation of energy homeostasis but also in the prevention of dyslipidemia

Pain Relief with Wet Cupping Theraphy in Rats is Mediated by Heat Shock Protein 70 and β-Endorphin

Background: Wet cupping therapy is a complementary therapy in pain management. The mechanism of this therapy, however, needs further elucidation. Cells injured by wet cupping therapy seem to stimulate the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Its benefit in pain reduction could be mediated by the expression of ß-endorphin. This study aimed at determining the correlation between HSP70 and ß-endorphin after wet cupping therapy. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (CG; n=8) and treatment (TG; n=8) groups. The rats in both groups were injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) at the footpad. In the TG, wet cupping therapy was done at the left and right paralumbar regions 48 hours after the CFA injection. Twenty-four hours after therapy, the hot plate test was done to assess pain threshold. Thereafter, immunohistochemistry from the skin subjected to wet cupping therapy was conducted for HSP70 and ß-endorphin. Results: The expression of HSP70 was significantly higher in the keratinocytes of the TG (20.25±3.53; P<0.001) than in the keratinocytes of the CG (10.50±2.44; P<0.001). The expression of ß-endorphin was significantly higher in the keratinocytes of the TG (22.37±3.52; P<0.001) than in the keratinocytes of the CG (5.12±1.72; P<0.001). The results also revealed a high correlation between HSP70 and ß-endorphin (β=0.864; P<0.001). Pain threshold after wet cupping therapy was significantly higher in the TG (22.81±6.34 s; P=0.003) than in the CG (11.78±3.56 s). Conclusions: The benefit of wet cupping therapy in terms of pain reduction in rats could be mediated by the expression of HSP70 and ß-endorphin

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Serum Level in Stroke Subjects with Cognitive Function Impairment

Background: Cognitive impairment is the most frequent complication of stroke. However, erobic exercise is considered to have potential effect in inhibiting the post-stroke cognitive degradation and increasing cognitive performance through neuroplasticity-influenced long term potentiation in hippocampus. Aim: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum level in stroke subjects with cognitive function impairment. Material and Methods: Experimental pre-post study on sub-acute stroke male and female, 12 subjects on each group. Intervention group given standard therapy and aerobic exercise using static cycle. Control group treated with standard therapy 30 minutes/session 3x/week, for 6 weeks. Parameter being evaluated was BDNF serum level. Result: No significant difference (p=0.21) in BDNF serum level in both control group (246.03±40.81 pg/ml) and intervention group (280.98±73.53 pg/ml) after treated with treatment. Although there was a significant increase of BDNF serum level in the intervention group (p<0.001) with pre-intervention mean value of 1.96±60.69 pg/ml and post-intervention mean value of 280.98±73.53 pg/ml. Similar to the intervention group, there was a significant increase in BDNF serum level (p<0,001) in control group, with pre-intervention mean value of 136.39±76.32 pg/ml and post-intervention mean value of 246.03±40.81 pg/ml. Conclusion: No significant difference in BDNF serum levels in intervention group after aerobic exercise program with a static cycle and standard therapy 3x/week for 6 weeks, when compared to the control group that only received standard therapy, although both control and intervention groups showed significant difference before and after the intervention

Latihan High Intensity Plyometric Hurdle Hopping Meningkatkan Kemampuan Vertical Jump Spiker

Keterampilan teknik spike membutuhkan kemampuan vertical jump yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan vertical jump setelah melakukan latihan high intensity plyometric hurdle hopping pada pemain bolavoli. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen lapangan dengan one group pre test-post test design. Sembilan sampel atlet dipilih dari populasi atlet bolavoli klub pertamina Makassar secara random. Vertical jump test digunakan untuk mengukur tinggi lompatan. Sampel berpartisipasi dalam penelitian tiga hari dalam seminggu selama empat minggu dan menyelesaikan 12 sesi pelatihan, pada frekuensi 3 sesi per minggu. Hasil paired t-test menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan tinggi lompatan (p<0,05). Disimpulkan dari penelitian ini bahwa pelatihan high intensity plyometric hurdle hopping meningkatkan kemampuan vertical jump pemain bolavoli

THE EXPRESSION OF TGF-1 AFTER LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY IN INFLAMMATION ANIMAL MODEL

Pain is the most common complaints in everyday practice. Pain is a clinical manifestation caused by stimuli due to potential tissue damage. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in reducing pain. One of indicator tissue healing is activation of transforming growth factor -b1(TGF-b1). Tissue healing will eliminate the pain. Do LLLT stimulate TGF-b1 expression? The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-b1 in low level laser therapy. Thirty male Wistar rats, body weight 250 – 300 gram, 3 month old, were divided into 3 groups, negative control (n=10), positive control (n=10) and treatment groups (n=10). The positive control and treatment groups were injected with Complete’s Freund Adjuvant (CFA) 100 mL at left footpad. The treatment group treated with low level laser therapy Lasermed type 2100 wavelength 905 nm, out power 25-500 mW, dose 1 joule/cm2;5 times with interval 24 hours on left footpad. Samples were taken from the skin of footpad and immunohistochemical examination with monoclonal antibody anti- TGF-b1. Calculations carried out on brown reaction in macrophage cell. Data were analyzed using the Games Howell with SPSS 17. There were significant differences in the expression of TGF-b1 in treatment group (15.8±3.1) compared with the positive control group (3.9±1.1) and negative control group (4.6±2.1). There were no significant differences between expression TGF-b1 in positive control group and negative control group. In conclusion, low level laser therapy increased the expression of TGF-b1

PATTERN OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN THE DIVISION OF RHEUMATOLOGY, DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA, BETWEEN NOVEMBER 2021 AND MARCH 2022

Highlights: • Rheumatic diseases, like many others, are often misdiagnosed and treated late in life, resulting in the increase of rheumatic diseases incidence. • Gender, age, level of education, and occupation all play crucial roles in the onset of rheumatic disorders. Abstract Background: The epidemiology of rheumatic diseases plays an important role in the spread of rheumatic diseases worldwide. Epidemiology data of rheumatology diseases in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital remains unclear as there are some problems such as rheumatic drug depletion and imperfect medical recording.  Objective: This study aimed to analyze the pattern of rheumatic diseases at the Division of Rheumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.  Material and Method: This prospective descriptive study used secondary data from medical records between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Division of Rheumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. The variables of this study were gender, age, occupation, education level, disease duration, and clinical manifestations. Results: Secondary data was provided by 109 patients in this study. Gender was dominated by women as much as 96 (88%), age was dominated by age groups 26-35 years and 46-55 years, each as much as 26 (23.8%), educational level was dominated by senior high school as much as 24 (22%), and employment was dominated by housewives as much as 39 (35.7%) in the Divison of Rheumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Based on disease incidence, 42 patients (38.5%) had systemic lupus erythematosus, and 38 patients (34.8%) had ankylosing spondylitis. Conclusion: Rheumatology patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya are predominantly female, aged 26-55, with senior high school education. The diseases mostly affect housewives and have a higher frequency of systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis

Latihan Plyometric depth jump high intensity meningkatkan waktu tempuh kecepatan dan kelincahan

Kecepatan dan kelincahan merupakan dua dari beberapa komponen biomotor yang sangat dibutuhkan pada cabang atletik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan waktu tempuh kecepatan dan kelincahan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan latihan plyometric deep jump high intensity. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen lapangan dengan one group rancomized pre test-post test design. Sepuluh sampel atlet dipilih dari populasi Pusat pendidikan latihan pelajar (PPLP) Jawa Timur secara random. Speed run 30 m dan agility Illinois test dipilih sebagai instrumen tes kecepatan dan kelincahan. Sampel berpartisipasi dalam penelitian tiga hari dalam seminggu selama enam minggu dan menyelesaikan 18 sesi pelatihan dengan frekuensi 3 sesi per minggu. Hasil paired t-test menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada peningkatan waktu tempuh kecepatan dan kelincahan (p<0,05). Disimpulkan dari penelitian ini bahwa latihan plyometric depth jump high intensity memperpendek waktu tempuh pada kecepatan dan kelincahan

BARTHEL INDEX SCORE IN STROKE PATIENTS INCREASES AFTER UNDERGOING MEDICAL REHABILITATION

Stroke is the leading cause of death among Indonesian people over the age of five years, comprising 15.4% of all deaths, with a mortality rate of 99/100 000, and the number of disability is 685/100 000. Medical rehabilitation has an effect in improving functional status of patients with stroke, especially if it is done intensively in the first 6 months after stroke attack. Measurement of functional status is commonly used in clinic, including in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. However, no study had been conducted in measuring functional status using Barthel Index in Surabaya. Therefore, this study identified the difference of the functional status of stroke patients before and after undergoing medical rehabilitation. The study used an experimental method with pre and post design with total sampling. The samples were 47 stroke patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Data were obtained from March - April 2014 using Barthel Index. Data analysis used Wilcoxon Sign Rank test, including the distribution of each variable, which showed signification value of <0.05. This study concluded that Barthel Index score increases after undergoing medical rehabilitation

Wet cupping therapy improves mu opioid receptor expression and pain threshold in animal models of inflammation

Background & Objectives: Treatment of chronic pain using NSAIDs, steroids, opioids, and herbs has been associated with many complications with the long-term use. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) has been used to reduce pain, by triggering mu opioid receptor expression. We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness between WCT with oral opioids for pain management. Methodology: It was an experimental study with randomized control group post-test only design. Thirty two male white rats of strain Wistar were divided into four groups: (1) Group-NC; mice in this group were given nothing as a negative control group, (2) Group-CFA; group that was given Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) only as a positive control group, (3) Group-WCT; mice were given CFA and WCT, and (4) Group-O was given CFA and oral opioids. The measured variables were pain threshold value and mu opioid receptors. Statistical analysis was done us(ing SPSS software (version 22.0, Chicago, IL). Results: The results showed no significant differences in the expression of mu opioid receptors between Group-NC and Group-CFA (p = 0.061). There were significant differences in the expression of opioid receptors between Group-CFA and Group-WCT (p < 0.001), and also between WCT group and Group-O (p = 0.002). The differences of pain threshold value were only significant between Group-NC (p = 0,006) and Group-CFA (p = 0,013) with Group-O. Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy triggers the expression of mu opioid receptors. Wet cupping therapy as effective in relieving pain as opioids