University Students’ Morningness‒Eveningness and Their Interpersonal Relationships

It was considered desirable for human beings to get up naturally at sunrise and fall asleep when the sun goes down. In recent years, however, life rhythms have shifted to nocturnality due to the increase in the number of 24-hour stores and the constant Internet use. Compared to working adults, junior high school students, and high school students who have a relatively regulated life, university students tend to lead irregular and rhythm-free lives. This study investigated the actual situations of university students’ daily life related to their living hours and examined whether the morning‒night life rhythm was related to their interpersonal relationships. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 184 university students to distinguish whether they were morning or evening people. The Japanese version of Home and Östberg’s morningness‒eveningness questionnaire was used to determine each student’s life rhythm. In addition, the respondents were asked about their time-related daily behaviors, such as wake-up times and bedtime, use of an alarm, frequency of late arrival to classes, physical condition and appetite for 30 minutes after getting up, and their sense of time. The university students’ life rhythms were categorized as 21.7 % morning people, 57.1 % day people, and 21.2 % night people. While 80% of the morning students were satisfied with their current life rhythm, 58% of the night students were not satisfied with their life rhythm. The results of the friendship scale showed that there was no relationship between life rhythm and friendship in boys. In girls, however, some differences were recognized, e.g., morning girls tended to confess their hearts and cherish their relationships with intimate friends, while night girls tended to refuse to be deeply involved with their friends.本研究は，平成30年度広島大学教育学部卒業生内藤沙綾の卒業研究の収集データを元に作成したものである

The Effect of Communication with Parents on Relationships and Marriage on the Marital Views of University Students

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of communication between university students and their parents concerning relationships and marriage on their future view of marriage. The subjects were 189 university students (82 males and 107 females), and 12 were from single-parent households. Male students showed stronger traditional marriage views than female students. Both male and female students emphasized that the “personality” of their future mate was important, as was “value alignment” between themselves and that person. Only male students valued the “appearance” of their future partner, while female students valued other features such as their partner’s “jobs”, “educational background”, “economic power”, “having experienced living alone”, “compatibility with her parents”, and “her compatibility with her partner’s family”. There is a qualitative difference between male and female students in communication with the opposite-sex parent and a quantitative difference in communication with the same-sex parent. Male students equate themselves with their fathers, and the marriage view of the fathers had an effect on students’ views of marriage. Regarding the relationship between the university students and their parents on their view of marriage, male students’ marriage perspectives are directly influenced by communication with both their fathers and mothers, while female students’ views of marriage are not only affected by the communication itself but by the relationship between the parents.本論文は，平成28年度広島大学教育学部卒業生湯池華子の卒業研究の収集データをもとに作成したものである

The Change of Time Devoted to Child Care by Fathers for 40 Years

The multinational comparative time use survey conducted in 1965-1966 led the subsequent time use research. Though Japan did not participate in this multinational comparative time use research, Japanese time use research group conducted time use survey following the survey method of the multinational comparative time use research in 1972. The survey was conducted in Matsuyama City. Japanese time use research group conducted the follow-up surveys in 1991 and 2013 in the same city using the same method. Various data of the multinational comparative time use research revealed that Japanese fathers spent less time on housework and child care than fathers in other countries. This study aims at clarifying the transition of time devoted to child care by fathers over 40 years. Though time spent on child care by fathers on weekdays has not changed for 40 years, time spent on child care on Sundays has increased for 40 years. Time devoted to child care by fathers, however, is still less than fathers in other countries. Though time spent on child care by fathers on Sundays has increased for 40 years, time spent on child care by mothers on Sundays has not decreased for 40 years.本研究は以下の科学研究費補助金の助成を受けて実施したものである。研究代表者：平田道憲, 研究種目：基盤研究(A), 研究課題番号：JP24240094, 研究課題名：生活時間配分からみた４０年間のライフスタイル変化と国際比

A Study of the Lecture Contents about “Early Childhood Care and Education” in the Training Home Economics Teachers of Secondary School : Analysis of the syllabi of the teacher colleges

This study aimed to review the contents of the lecture about “Early Childhood Care and Education” at teacher colleges in the training home economics teachers of secondary school. The syllabi of colleges were analyzed for the following two points, 1: The difference of the way of thinking teaching materials between the schools and the teacher training colleges, 2: Weakness of cooperation between teachers in charge of each subject in teacher training courses. Following results were obtained: (1) Most of the colleges had taken up the “development of neonates and infants” as a theme. (2) Colleges more than 70% had taken up “touching experience with young children”. (3) Few syllabi of the colleges have dealt with all the subjects that home economics teachers take up in the school. (4) Cooperative lecture or contents between teachers in charge of each subject in teacher training courses was hardly implemented, and cooperation between childcare and other contents was hardly observed

A Novel Concept of Fundus-Ovary-Salpinx-Para-Aorta Implantation Promoting Unit during Human Embryo Implantation

Human embryo implantation is mainly regulated by the endocrine system. Since the ovary, fallopian tube, and fundus can directly communicate through the mesosalpinx and ovarian ligament, the local concentration of progesterone in the pathway of the developing embryo is considered to be higher than in systemic blood circulation. The immune system promotes embryo implantation by stimulating progesterone production of the ovary and by inducing endometrial differentiation. The recognition of the developing embryo in the fallopian tube by the immune system is achieved through the para-aortic lymph nodes. On the basis of the above evidence, the autologous immune cells activated in vitro were demonstrated to improve clinical pregnancy rates in patients with repeated implantation failures. In addition, the autonomic nerve system that innervates the fundus, the ovary, and the fallopian tube from the para-aortic region is proposed to regulate the environment of the pathway of the developing embryo. From these findings, we suppose that a unique unilateral functional unit to promote human embryo implantation exists in the pathway of the developing embryo including the para-aortic regions and propose naming this novel functional unit the Fundus-Ovary-Salpinx-Para-aorta Implantation Promoting unit (FOSPa-IP unit)

Framework for a cooperative program curriculum among elementary, junior, and senior high schools to develop students' qualities and competence in home economics: Proposal for implementing a cooperative program curriculum for encouraging students to develop an understanding of food cultures and deepen their learning

The purpose of this study is to use surveys to clarify students' awareness at the elementary, junior, and senior high school levels of food cultures and their related issues, and to formulate and implement a class program for junior and senior high schools based on the clarified results. The program will develop students' understanding of food cultures and seeks to combine and systematize home economics education among the three levels of schooling. The study found transformations among elementary and junior high school students, in terms of their understanding of the ideas of food cultures and related issues. In addition, class programs were formulated for Grade 9 students, to broaden their views on a range of topics, and for Grade 10 students, to broaden their view of changes over time, both of which ended with successful results