The radio to TeV orbital variability of the microquasar LSI+61303

Context: .The microquasar LS I +61 303 has recently been detected at TeV energies by the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC, presenting variability on timescales similar to its orbital period. This system has been intensively observed at different wavelengths during the last three decades, showing a very complex behavior along the orbit.Aims: .We aim to explain, using a leptonic model in the accretion scenario, the observed orbital variability and spectrum from radio to TeV energies of LS I +61 303.Methods: .We apply a leptonic model based on accretion of matter from the slow inhomogeneous equatorial wind of the primary star, assuming particle injection proportional to the accretion rate. The relativistic electron energy distribution within the binary system is computed taking into account convective/adiabatic and radiative losses. The spectral energy distribution (SED) has been calculated accounting for synchrotron and (Thomson/Klein Nishina -KN-) inverse Compton (IC) processes and the photon-photon absorption in the ambient photon fields. The angle dependence of the photon-photon and IC cross sections has been considered in the calculations.Results: .We reproduce the main features of the observed light curves from LS I +61 303 at radio, X-rays, high-energy (HE), and very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays, and the whole spectral energy distribution.Conclusions: .Our model is able to explain the radio to TeV orbital variability taking into account that radiation along the orbit is strongly affected by the variable accretion rate, the magnetic field strength, and by the ambient photon field via dominant IC losses and photon-photon absorption at periastron.Fil: Bosch Ramon, Valentí. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Paredes, Josep Maria. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Ribó, Marc. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

An Advanced Clinical Ontology

This article discusses a fundamental issues of medical ontology based on ontological theory. We focus on "anatomical structure of organs" and "abnormal states in the human body". On the basis of the investigation, we distinguish organ-specific types from those independent of any organ to maximize the explicitness of ontology. The next feature of our ontology is to allow on-demand reorganization of is-a hierarchy of diseases instead of one fixed hierarchy to cope with various viewpoints which physician might have. We also take care of the notorious issue related to conflict of is-a and part-of relations

A Study on the Curriculum of Junior High Schools in Okayama City; Analysis and Classification of the Educational Objectives

岡山市立中学校全38 校の学校教育課程，特にそれを構成する要素の一つである学校教育目標に着目し，その特徴を明らかにするとともに類型化を行った。学校教育目標に使われている言葉の分析からは，「心の教育　豊かな心」「自ら学ぶ力　自己学習力」「健康体力」といった学習指導要領のキーワードが多く使われていること，そして岡山市立中学校の特徴としては岡山市の教育が目指す「自立する子どもの育成」を踏まえた「自主　自立　主体性」という言葉や「努力　向上心　がんばる」「人権尊重」という言葉が多く使われていることが明らかとなった。また，クラスター分析による学校教育目標の類型化からは，「市施策対応型（10 校）」「岡山伝統型（13 校）」「指導要領準拠型（10 校）」「全面強調型（５校）」の4類型に分けられることが明らかにされた

A Study on the Curriculum of Elementary Schools in Okayama City; Analysis and Classification of the Educational Objectives

　岡山市立小学校全93 校（分校・分教室等を含む。）の教育課程，特にそれを構成する要素の一つである学校教育目標に着目し，その特徴を明らかにするとともに類型化を行なった。学校教育目標に使われている言葉の分析からは，体育・徳育・知育の順に重視されていること，岡山市の教育が目指す「自立する子どもの育成」を踏まえた「自主　自立　主体性」や「地域郷土」「国際　国際社会」というESDとの関連を鮮明に示す言葉はあまり使われていないこと，また，クラスター分析による学校教育目標の類型化からは，「指導要領準拠型（23校）」「徳育体育重視型（23 校）」「地域協働型（４校）」「特色ある目標型（29 校）」「努力自立重視型（14 校）」の５類型に分けられることが明らかになった。最後に，岡山市立小学校における学校教育目標の改善・充実に向けた方策を５点提起した

Dust from Comet 209P/LINEAR during its 2014 Return: Parent Body of a New Meteor Shower, the May Camelopardalids

We report a new observation of the Jupiter-family comet 209P/LINEAR during its 2014 return. The comet is recognized as a dust source of a new meteor shower, the May Camelopardalids. 209P/LINEAR was apparently inactive at a heliocentric distance rh = 1.6 au and showed weak activity at rh < 1.4 au. We found an active region of <0.001% of the entire nuclear surface during the comet's dormant phase. An edge-on image suggests that particles up to 1 cm in size (with an uncertainty of factor 3-5) were ejected following a differential power-law size distribution with index q=-3.25+-0.10. We derived a mass loss rate of 2-10 kg/s during the active phase and a total mass of ~5x10^7 kg during the 2014 return. The ejection terminal velocity of millimeter- to centimeter-sized particles was 1-4 m/s, which is comparable to the escape velocity from the nucleus (1.4 m/s). These results imply that such large meteoric particles marginally escaped from the highly dormant comet nucleus via the gas drag force only within a few months of the perihelion passage.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted on 2014 December 11 for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter

ADAMTS-1: A metalloproteinase-disintegrin essential for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) represents a protein family possessing both metalloproteinase and disintegrin domains. ADAMTS-1, an ADAM family member cloned from cachexigenic colon adenocarcinoma, is unusual in that it contains thrombospondin type I motifs and anchors to the extracellular matrix. To elucidate the biological role of ADAMTS-1, we developed ADAMTS-1-null mice by gene targeting. Targeted disruption of the mouse ADAMTS-1 gene resulted in growth retardation with adipose tissue malformation. Impaired female fertilization accompanied by histological changes in the uterus and ovaries also resulted. Furthermore, ADAMTS-1(-/-) mice demonstrated enlarged renal calices with fibrotic changes from the ureteropelvic junction through the ureter, and abnormal adrenal medullary architecture without capillary formation. ADAMTS-1 thus appears necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function. Moreover, the resemblance of the renal phenotype to human ureteropelvic junction obstruction may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of this common congenital disease

Cyclosporin A Associated Helicase-Like Protein Facilitates the Association of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerase with Its Cellular Cyclophilin B

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is well known as an immunosuppressive drug useful for allogeneic transplantation. It has been reported that CsA inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome replication, which indicates that cellular targets of CsA regulate the viral replication. However, the regulation mechanisms of HCV replication governed by CsA target proteins have not been fully understood. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we show a chemical biology approach that elucidates a novel mechanism of HCV replication. We developed a phage display screening to investigate compound-peptide interaction and identified a novel cellular target molecule of CsA. This protein, named CsA associated helicase-like protein (CAHL), possessed RNA-dependent ATPase activity that was negated by treatment with CsA. The downregulation of CAHL in the cells resulted in a decrease of HCV genome replication. CAHL formed a complex with HCV-derived RNA polymerase NS5B and host-derived cyclophilin B (CyPB), known as a cellular cofactor for HCV replication, to regulate NS5B-CyPB interaction. CONCLUSIONS: We found a cellular factor, CAHL, as CsA associated helicase-like protein, which would form trimer complex with CyPB and NS5B of HCV. The strategy using a chemical compound and identifying its target molecule by our phage display analysis is useful to reveal a novel mechanism underlying cellular and viral physiology

Identity Tracking of a Disease as a Causal Chain

This paper discusses the ontological treatment of identity of a disease based on an ontological model of diseases as causal chains. An individual causal chain changes through its processes such as extending, branching, fading, etc. When we suppose that an individual disease is constituted by such a causal chain, changes of the causal chain imply changes of the disease. Then, how should we deal with identity of a disease? To answer this, we consider identity of a disease as a causal chain based on some ontological theories. As a result, we propose an ontological model for identity tracking of a disease as a causal chain. This work should contribute to the ontological treatment of identity of diseases in medical information systems

Recent developments in the African human rights system 2004-2006

This article examines some of the significant institutional and legal developments in the African human rights system between July 2004 and December 2006.1During this period, measured progress was made by the African Union on the establishment of an African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights ('African Court'). The thematic procedures of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights ('Commission') were engaged more extensively than before, culminating in the adoption by the Commission of country resolutions on the situation of human rights in Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe. These country resolutions generated, for the first time, direct confrontation between the Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the African Union ('Assembly') and the Commission at a Summit of the Assembly held in Khartoum in January 2006. As a result, the Commission's 19th Annual Activity Report that had contained these resolutions was embargoed by the Assembly. These resolutions were released later in the 20th Annual Activity Report after Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe had formally responded to the Commission. During the period under review, the Commission also sought to enhance its capacity by reviewing its status, mandate and independence in the framework of the African Union and developed the practice of exposing the imperfect record of periodic reporting by States Parties to the African Charter on Human and the Peoples' Rights 1981 ('African Charter').2 The growing number of individual complaints on the docket of the Commission was also apparent, and three of the Commission's most important decisions made in the period under review are discussed subsequently