統計的手法とモデルを用いた農業流域における水理・水文環境の解析

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第16901号農博第1917号新制||農||998(附属図書館)学位論文||H24||N4662(農学部図書室)29576京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻(主査)教授 河地 利彦, 教授 村上 章, 教授 川島 茂人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Optimization model for cropping-plan placement in paddy fields considering agricultural profit and nitrogen load management in Japan

An optimization model for cropping-plan placement on field plots is presented for supporting decision-making on agricultural management by a farming organization. The mixed 0–1 programming technique is employed to select the next planting crop at each field plot in a holistic manner. Reduction of total nitrogen discharged from field plots to the downstream end of the drainage canals is expressed as an objective function of the model to balance an achievement of economic goal and environmental conservation. Some Japanese governmental policies on regulating rice cropping areas and on promoting production of particular upland field crops can be formulated in the model. A computational example of cropping-plan placement on field plots managed under integrated policies is given by operating the optimization model with various weights associated with the objectives. The procured trade-off curve and corresponding patterns of cropping-plan could be useful in the decision-making by the farming organization

A new caffeine biosynthetic pathway in tea leaves: utilisation of adenosine released from the <i>S</i>-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle

The four-step caffeine biosynthetic pathway includes three methylation steps that utilise &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. In the process SAM is converted to &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) which in turn is hydrolysed to L-homocysteine and adenosine. Significant amounts of radioactivity from [methyl-&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C]methionine and [methyl-&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C]SAM were incorporated into theobromine and caffeine in young tea leaf segments, and very high SAH hydrolase activity was found in cell-free extracts from young tea leaves. Substantial amounts of radioactivity from [adenosyl-&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C]SAH were also recovered as theobromine and caffeine in tea leaf segments, indicating that adenosine derived from SAH is utilised for the synthesis of the purine ring of caffeine. From the profiles of activity of related enzymes in tea leaf extracts, it is proposed that the major route from SAM to caffeine is a SAM→SAH→adenosine→adenine→AMP→IMP→XMP→xanthosine→7-methylxanthosine→7-methylxanthine→theobromine→caffeine pathway. In addition, direct adenosine kinase-catalysed formation of AMP from adenosine may participate as an alternative minor route. The activity of two of the three &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-methyltransferase activities involved in caffeine biosynthesis and part of the activities of SAH hydrolase, adenosine nucleosidase, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenosine kinase were located in tea chloroplasts. In contrast, no detectable activity of SAM synthetase was associated with the purified chloroplast fraction. This is a first demonstration that the purine skeleton of caffeine is synthesised from adenosine released from the SAM cycle

Interinstitutional patient transfers between rapid chemotherapy cycles were feasible to utilize proton beam therapy for pediatric Ewing sarcoma family of tumors

AimTo assess the feasibility of transferring to the University of Tsukuba Hospital for proton beam therapy (PBT) during intensive chemotherapy in children with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) who had been diagnosed and started their first-line treatment at prefectural or regional centers for pediatric oncology.BackgroundThe treatment of ESFT relies on a multidisciplinary approach using intensive neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies with surgery and radiotherapy. Multi-agent chemotherapy comprising vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide (VDC-IE) is widely used for ESFT, and the interval between each course is very important for maintaining the intensity and effect of chemotherapy.Materials and methodsClinical information of patients who received PBT and VDC-IE between April 2009 and May 2016 was collected retrospectively. The intervals between each course of VDC-IE and adverse events were assessed.ResultsFifteen patients were evaluated. No delays in the intervals of chemotherapy due to transfer were observed. There were no adverse events caused during/just after transfer and no increases in adverse events. The estimated 4-year overall and event-free survival rates were 94.6% and 84.8%, respectively.DiscussionAlthough the results of efficacy are preliminary, survival rates were comparable with past studies. More experience and follow-up are required to further assess the efficacy of PBT for patients with ESFT.ConclusionMultidisciplinary therapy for children with ESFT involving transfer to our hospital for PBT during VDC-IE was feasible without treatment delay or an increase in adverse events