Factors of compliance of a child with rules in a Russian cultural context

© 2016 EECERA.The article covers the analysis of the child’s psychology compliance with culture rules – the cultural congruence. The description of the technique aimed to detect the cultural congruence of five- to six-year-old children is presented. The technique is made on the basis of the revealed range of rules of a child’s and adult’s interaction in a social situation. It provides the possibility to determine the child’s compliance with the norms according to four scales, in combination they form the cultural congruence indicator. Scales of cultural congruence are correlated to a number of factors: ‘compliance with adult’s expectations, ‘obedience’, ‘self-control’, ‘observance of safety rules’, ‘self-care’. The technique of cultural congruence determination is approved for the Russian sample of children living in the megalopolis with the population over one million people. Along with the empirical material, special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis of differences in the positions ‘personality’ and ‘subject’ in their interaction with culture as the system of standard situations

Gene S characterization of Hantavirus species Seoul virus isolated from Rattus norvegicuson an Indonesian island

AbstrakLatar belakang: Hantavirus hidup dan berkembang biak di tubuh hewan pengerat, salah satunya Rattus norvegicus yang banyak ditemukan di daerah kepulauan di Indonesia. Hantavirus spesies Seoul virus (SEOV) adalah virus RNA negatif rantai tunggal yang termasuk dalam keluarga Bunyaviridae, mempunyai beberapa gen spesifik terutama gen S yang dapat dikembangkan untuk uji diagnostik. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui karakter dari gen S dari Hantavirus spesies Seoulvirus.Metode:Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sekuensing gen S yang berasal dari jaringan paru-paru rodensia.  Fragmen DNA yang disekuensing menggunakan primer DNA SEOS-28F danSEOS -360R,VNS-1501F dan VNS-CSR. Hasil sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan program seqscapedan dianalisis menggunakan program Bioedit dan Mega5. Analisis filogenetik untuk homologi nukleotida dan asam amino dari ketiga strain Kepulauan Seribu tersebut dibandingkan dengan spesies hantavirus lainnya yang diambil dari genebank. Hasil:Analisis Homologi nukleotida dan asam amino antara strain Kepulauan Seribu dengan SEOV menunjukkan homologi nukleotida tertinggi pada strain KS74 (88,4%) dan terendah pada KS90 (87,2%), sedangkan homologi asam amino tertinggi adalah strain KS74 (91.3%) dan terendah pada strain KS90 (89,5%). Kesimpulan:Karakter gen S virus yang ditemukan di Kepulauan Seribu sebanding dengan virus SEOV yang ditemukan di Singapura dan Korea.  (Health Science Indones 2014;1:1-6)Kata kunci:Seoul virus, gen S, Kepulauan Seribu, IndonesiaAbstractBackground: Hantavirus lives and reproduces in the body of rodents. Rattus norvegicuswas one found in the Kepulauan Seribu islands of Indonesia. Hantavirus species Seoul virus (SEOV) is a negative single chain RNA viruses included in the family Bunyaviridae. It has a few specific genes, especially genes S that can be developed for a diagnostic test. The aim of this study was to ascertain the character of gene S of hantavirus species Seoul virus. Methods: Gene sequencing of S Seoul virus from lung tissue of rodents was conducted. DNA fragment sequencing used primer pairs of SEOS-28F and SEOS -360R, VNS-1501F and VNS-CSR. The results of sequencing were analyze by seqscapeprogram to obtain a sequence of nucleotides, and analyzed by Mega5 programs. Phylogenetic analysis was done for homology nucleotides and amino acids which were compared to other hanta virus species from the gene bank. Results: The comparison analysis showed, the highest homology from strain KS74 was 88.4% and the lowest from strain KS90 was 87.2%. The highest homology of amino acids sequence compared with Seoul virus came from strain KS74 was 91.3% and the lowest came from strain KS90 was 89.5%. Conclusion: Gene S of viruses was found in Kepulauan Seribu in Indonesia and it was comparable to that found in Singapore and Korea. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:1- 6). Key words: Seoul virus, S segment, Kepulauan Serib

SEBARAN HABITAT PERKEMBANGBIAKAN LARVA ANOPHELES SPP DI KECAMATAN BULA, KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN TIMUR, PROVINSI MALUKU

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan penularan malaria yang masih tinggi terutama di Indonesia Bagian Timur, diantaranya adalah Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur, Provinsi Maluku. Malaria disebabkan oleh parasit protozoa genus Plasmodium yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk Anopheles sp. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sebaran dan karakteristik habitat perkembangbiakan larva Anopheles sp di Kecamatan Bula, Seram Bagian Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode standar WHO dengan 10 kali cidukan pada setiap titik badan air/perairan dengan jumlah kolektor 4 orang . Karakteristik habitat larva Anopheles sp yang diamati meliputi aspek fisik dan biologi perairan. Hasil penelitian menemukan 6 jenis larva Anopheles sp yaitu An. farauti, An. punctulatus, An. subpictus, An. vagus, An. maculatus dan An. indefinitus, pada 8 macam tipe habitat perkembangbiakann. Habitat perkembangbiakan yang ditemukan adalah genangan air bersifat tidak tetap / temporer yaitu pada tapak roda kendaraan berat, lempeng besi yang tidak terpakai dan genangan air di lapangan rumput yang tergenang air hujan dan mangrove yang rusak, selain itu ditemukan pada parit kecil, sungai kecil dengan aliran air yang lambat, kolam dan mata air

A Review of Hantavirus Research in Indonesia: Prevalence in Humans and Rodents, and the Discovery of Serang Virus

Dengue and other common tropical infectious diseases of similar clinical presentation are endemic in Indonesia, which may lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of hantavirus (HTV) infection in the country. To better understand the current burden of HTV infection, this study aimed to both identify acute HTV infection among hospitalized patients with fever and to determine the overall seroprevalence of HTV. These results were further considered within the context of previously reported HTV infection in humans and animals in Indonesia by conducting a review of published literature. As part of an observational cohort study of acute febrile illness, this sub-study retrospectively analyzed blood specimens obtained during admission, during the 2–4-week convalescent period, and three months after admission. Convalescent specimens from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of HTV infection were first screened for HTV IgG. When positive, convalescent specimens and paired acute specimens were screened for HTV IgM, and paired acute specimens were tested for HTV by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). A literature review of HTV in Indonesia was conducted on manuscripts manually reviewed for relevance after identification from a search using the terms “hantavirus/Seoul virus” and “Indonesia”. From patients at eight hospitals in seven provincial capitals, HTV IgG seroprevalence was 11.6% (38/327), with the highest being in Denpasar (16.3%, 7/43) and the lowest being in Yogyakarta (3.4%, 1/31). Anti-HTV IgG was most prevalent in adults (13.5%, 33/244) and males (15.6%, 29/186). Acute HTV infections were identified in two subjects, both of whom had Seoul virus. In Indonesia, HTVs have been studied in humans and animals since 1984. Over the past 35 years, the reported seroprevalences in rodents ranged from 0% to 34%, and in humans from 0% to 13%. Fourteen acute infections have been reported, including one in a tourist returning to Germany, but only two have been confirmed by RT-PCR. Almost all rodent and human surveillance results demonstrated serological and molecular evidence of Seoul virus infection. However, in Semarang, anti-Puumala virus IgM has been detected in humans and Puumala RNA in one rodent. In Serang, a new virus named Serang virus was identified due to its differences from Seoul virus. In Maumere, HTV and Leptospira spp. were identified simultaneously in rodents. The burden of HTV infection in Indonesia is underestimated, and additional studies are needed to understand the true prevalence. Seroprevalence data reported here, previous observations of HTV co-infections in rodents, and the prevalence of rodent-borne bacterial infections in Indonesia suggest that the population may be routinely encountering HTVs. While Seoul virus appears to be the most prevalent HTV in the country, further studies are needed to understand which HTVs are circulating

Development of Serological Assays for Thottapalayam Virus, an Insectivore-Borne Hantavirus

Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a member of the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae, was isolated from an insectivore, Suncus murinus (musk shrew), captured in southern India in 1964. While the isolation of TPMV predates the discovery of the prototype Hantaan virus, little is known about its genetics and biology. To date, preliminary evidence suggests that TPMV differs significantly, both antigenically and genetically, from all known rodent-borne hantaviruses. However, since detailed epizootiological studies have not been conducted, it is unclear if TPMV is naturally harbored by an insectivore host or if TPMV represents a “spillover” from its natural rodent reservoir host. Moreover, to what extent TPMV causes infection and/or disease in humans is not known. To address these issues, we first studied the antigenic profile of TPMV using monoclonal antibodies against Hantaan and Seoul viruses and polyclonal immune sera against Puumala virus and TPMV. Armed with this newfound information, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for the diagnosis of TPMV infections in shrews and humans, using a recombinant TPMV N antigen manipulated to have an E5/G6 epitope to be captured by monoclonal antibody clone E5/G6. Using this assay, we found anti-TPMV antibodies in sera from a patient with high fever of unknown etiology in Thailand and from two shrews captured in Indonesia. Seropositivity was verified by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, Western blotting analysis, and focus reduction neutralization test. Collectively, our data indicate that TPMV is harbored by Suncus murinus as its host in nature and is capable of infecting humans