Expression of gene proteins, interleukins and β-defensin in cleft-affected tissue

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate cleft - affected tissues in children with cleft lip and palate in order to detect appearance of β-defensin, interleukins (IL) and gene proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 10 patients with cleft lip and palate. During nose surgery tissue samples from bone and cartilage have been taken, and stained with immunohistochemistry for β-defensin 2, IL4, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10 and MSX1, RYK, PAX9, IRF6 gene proteins. RESULTS: Results showed prominent expression of IL10 (mean value 47.28±4.26 in visual field) followed by IL7 (35.62±11.18) in cartilage of patients, but slightly less pronounced expression of IL8 (30.14±8.74), IL6 (22.52±10.88) and IL4 (14.81±6.94). The expression of β-defensin 2 was prominent (34.52±11.79) and similar to expression of IL7 in tissue samples of cartilage. MSX1, PAX9, RYK and IRF6 (17.67±5.94; 16.14±5.52; 16.57±5.22 and 11.86±4.21) in cartilage was less pronounced than interleukins and β-defensin 2. MSX1 (12.44±3.34), PAX9 (6.89±2.14), RYK (11.0±5.92) and IRF6 (9.1±4.76) gene proteins expression in bone showed mostly rare occurrence of positive structures. CONCLUSIONS: Significant expression of IL7 and β-defensin 2 and IL10 in cartilage proves the prominent immune response in cleft affected hard tissue. Mostly indistinct MSX1, PAX9, RYK and IRF6 gene proteins expression in bone might be an indicator of not complete cellular differentiation, proliferation and migration events in cleft disordered hard tissue.publishersversionPeer reviewe

LU 76. konference: tēzes un raksti

Krājumu veido LU Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūta pētnieku Latvijas Universitātes 76. starptautiskās zinātniskās konferences sekciju darbā 2018. gada 15. un 16. februārī nolasīto prioritārajam projektam “Kritiskā domāšana, inovācija, konkurētspēja un globalizācija” veltīto referātu tēzes, kā arī vairāki raksti, kuri tapuši uz šajā konferencē nolasīto referātu pamata. LU FSI pētniekiem konference bija ne tikai atskaite par otrajā pētniecības gadā projektā paveikto, bet tajā pētnieki diskutēja arī par to, kā paplašināt pētāmo tēmu loku, pievēršoties vairākiem Latvijas sabiedrībai aktuāliem jautājumiem. Piemēram, ja Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūta filozofi projekta 1. posma noslēguma seminārā pārsvarā diskutēja par kritiskās domāšanas konceptu un tās lietojuma iespējām, tad LU 76. konferencē jau iezīmējās noturīga interese par kritiskās domāšanas un medijpratības sasaisti, kas 2018. gada beigās noslēdzās ar ekspertu semināru cikla organizēšanu sadarbībā ar Eiropas Kopienas pārstāvniecību Latvijā. Vairāki pētnieki pievērsās jautājumam par inovācijas iespējām humanitārajās zinātnēs utt. Konferences referāti atspoguļoja dažādas pieejas un metodoloģijas, sniedzot ieskatu vēl nepabeigtajos pētījumos, bet tikai to norisē un pirmajos rezultātos. Pētījumu gaitai lasītājs aicināts sekot turpmākajās LU FSI pētnieku zinātniskajās publikācijās

Urban green infrastructure: The role of urban agriculture in city resilience

Studies about the subject of cultivated land confirmed that it is the part of urban informal open space and the specific land using form in the city’s natural area. It has ecological, cultural, social and socio-economic value and help to achieve more sustainable urban forms. The European practice shows that the functions of allotments are changing in the city development process from the producing to the function of traditional city greenery which does not demand the city’s budget money. The moving of population into cities drives increasing demands for residential buildings and other urban built up land. From the city planning point of view it is convenient to develop the allotment territories which usually are located near the city centre and has appropriate infrastructure. However the allotments are very popular among the unprosperous people and elders because of contact with the nature and some economic benefits from cultivating the land. Studies show that the complex metropolitan systems cannot be managed by a single set of top-down governmental policies; instead, they require the coordinated action of multiple independent players operating under locally diverse biophysical conditions and constraints, constantly adjusting their behaviour to maintain an optimal balance between human and ecological functions. The increase in urban agriculture in many European cities has been part of a response to a sense of a global crisis, attesting to the resilience of the people living in cities. However, the citizens involved have much to gain from municipal intervention, which can provide and operate some important for agriculture communal infrastructures and define a set of rules. The municipality is also in an ideal position to design and apply a comprehensive strategy for its territory. In conclusion, municipal intervention is instrumental for urban agriculture and for the city’s resilience because is as a vital source of food and occupation in times of crisis and help in adaptation to the climate or other sudden change consequences

Tree Species Establishment in Urban Forest in Relation to Vegetation Composition, Tree Canopy Gap Area and Soil Factors

The study of density and growth of pine, birch and oak seedlings and saplings in canopy gaps in the urban boreal forest in Riga, Latvia, indicates that natural regeneration can increase diversity in small gaps caused by tree mortality, and can ensure conversion from even-aged pine forest. Abundant regeneration in small gaps showed that light (gap area) was only one of the factors affecting tree regeneration in the gaps. The depth of the O layer and pH were suggested to be important factors for the establishment and growth of pine and birch. For oak, the main factors for establishment and growth were favorable moisture, higher pH and N concentration. Knowledge of ecological factors affecting the establishment of seedlings and growth of saplings of the most common trees species in the urban boreal forest is needed to predict successional trajectories and to aid management