Case studies in reconstruction efficiency of current distribution in CICC's by self field measurements

The measurements of the self magnetic field by means of Hall sensors (HS) in the vicinity of a superconducting cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) is often used to study current distribution effects. It is possible that current imbalance may affect the performance of CICC's and therefore knowledge of the current distribution is needed. Recently a model was presented to approximate the current distribution inside a conductor. Basically, the inverse problem must be solved in which the input data usually are the experimentally measured values of the local magnetic field, the location and orientation of the HS's and the geometry of the line or segment currents. All these, together with the adopted algorithm, determine the accuracy of the reconstruction procedure. In the present study the impact of two basic orientations of the HS: polar-symmetric and plane-parallel on the current reconstruction efficiency is performed for the analytical model developed in Twente. For the case study, a 36 strands CICC and a mock-up conductor are considered. The influence of the experimental errors and geometrical errors on the model output is also investigated

Electromagnetic Performance of Sub-Size NbTi CICC's Subjected to Transverse Cyclic Loading

It was demonstrated previously that transverse cable loading due to electromagnetic forces in coils has a strong impact on the inter-strand contact resistance R/sub c/ of poloidal field (PF) cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Continuing the study, two NbTi medium-size CICC's were subjected to cyclic loading up to 40,000 cycles in the Twente Cryogenic Press in order to simulate transversal forces on the strands and to verify their influence on the conductors' contact resistances R/sub c/ and AC loss behavior. The results are presented and compared with the data obtained on the other section of the same conductor lengths in the SULTAN test facility and on full size ITER cables tested in the cryogenic press

Self Field Measurements by Hall Sensors on the SeCRETS Long Sample CICCs in SULTAN

The aim of this work is to determine the existence and degree of the current unbalance of two types of cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) of the SeCRETS long sample experiment, and its influence on the conductors' performance. The self-field measurements are performed by using six sets of annular Hall sensors, each containing six sensors, and two linear arrays with ten sensors. The change of the self-field is associated with the redistribution of the transport current between the strands inside the conductor during and after a ramp of current, due to changes of the applied magnetic field or temperature of the conductor. During the DC, AC losses and stability tests, the signals from the Hall sensors were recorded. In DC tests, a clear change of the self-field pattern is observed in the high field region when either current or temperature approached their critical (I/sub cs/ and T/sub cs/) values. No change in the self-field pattern is observed in the experiments with pulsed fields. The method requires improvements for a reasonable quantitative assessment of the current unbalance in the conductor

Evolution of contact resistance and coupling loss in prototype ITER PF NbTi conductors under transverse cyclic load

Cyclic energizing of a magnet coil with Cable in Conduit Conductors (CICC), as for fusion applications, results in an anomalous change of the interstrand contact resistance (R/sub c/) and coupling loss (n/spl tau/) due to the alternating transverse forces. Previously, three Nb/sub 3/Sn ITER conductors have been tested in a cryogenic press, up to 40 cycles. Now, for the first time, the behavior of NbTi conductors under cyclic load is investigated and results are presented for three full-size prototype ITER Poloidal Field (PF) Coil conductors. One conductor has bare copper strands and no petal wrapping while the others have a Cr and solder strand surface coating. The press can transmit a maximum transverse force of 800 kN/m directly to a cable section of 400 mm length at 4.2 K. Each conductor is tested up to 220 kN/m and 40,000 full loading cycles. The magnetization of the conductors and the R/sub c/ between combinations of strands and strand bundles is measured at various number of cycles. It appears that the R/sub c/ can vary for up to orders of magnitude during cyclic loading

Self field measurements by Hall sensors on the SeCRETS short sample CICC's subjected to cyclic load

An imbalance in the transport current among the strands of a Cable-in-Conduit conductors (CICC) can be associated with the change of their performance. In order to understand and improve the performance of CICC's, it is essential to study the current imbalance. This paper focuses on the study of the current imbalance in two short samples of the SeCRETS (Segregated Copper Ratio Experiment on Transient Stability) conductors subjected to a cyclic load in the SULTAN facility. The self field around the conductors was measured on four locations by 32 miniature Hall sensors for a reconstruction of the current distribution. The results of the self field measurements in the DC tests are presented and discussed

On Principles of Meaning Formation in Denominal Verbs

The article considers the principles of forming the meaning of verbs formed from nouns. Intralinguistic and extralinguistic features contribute the formation of the semantics of verbal units. Two groups of verbs are characterized, differentiated depending on the hierarchical structure of semantic features in the structure of contextual refiners or motivating substance. The first group includes verbs, in the semantic structure of which the contextual refiners are nuclear seme. It is shown that the semantics of such verbs outside the context is not uniquely determined. This leads to the formation of the occasional meaning, which is created in speech use and not fixed in dictionaries. The semantic structure of new formation is based on the semes of words that make up the context environment, the verbs of the first group have the potential to denote any process that is in any way connected with the producing noun. The second group consists of verbs, in the semantic structure of which the semes of the motivating noun is nuclear, which determines the predictability of the meaning of the derived verb. This meaning can be called innovative. In the basis innovative meaning is seme of the motivating nouns in a particular speech use and has the potential to get a fixation in the dictionary as one of the lexical-semantic variants. The source of the analysis of verbal units was the publication of modern media

Business digital transformation effects on entrepreneurial vocational map in Russia

Relevance: The relevance of the study is designated by the development of digital technologies which are increasingly being used to optimize business processes. At the current stage of entrepreneurial development transformation of companies is being observed and representatives of digital businesses achieve the greatest capitalization. Employees of banking organizations are replaced by bots and artificial intelligence. In this regard, the requirements for entrepreneurs and mercenary managers are changing. This requires the search for new educational approaches to training of specialists. Purpose: to develop an author model of digital business transformation on the results of a survey (research method) conducted among the students of the Faculty of Engineering Business and Management of the Bauman State University and from Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. To reflected the modern vision of future entrepreneurs and managers for a new concept of skills mix vital for business development in the cause of digital transformation and competitive sustainability and to identify both positive and negative aspects of start-up entrepreneurs’ performance in digital economy. Methods and methodological units of research: comparative content analysis, empirical study, polling. The main results: Contradictions of digital business through an entrepreneur prism and consumer position were revealed. The conclusion is drawn that digital economy, on the one hand, is boiled to self-reliance of subsystems (state, business, society) of the system (digital economy). On the other hand, the state, business and society are premised on the scope of competencies, as far as the role of a human in digital economy may be minimized but no completely abandoned. The key factors that affect digital transformation were defined: process optimization, data, business models, infrastructure and tools, people and competencies, culture and interaction. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s concept, according to which the key role in the digital economy era is assigned to the state (state as a platform), business (digital platforms, ecosystems, radical business models), society as a key factor in digitalization. In this regard, an assessment of the digital transformation is provided through the lens of a positive, critical and pragmatic view of society (experts and respondents). Practical relevance: The research results can be used by higher educational institutions to adapt their educational programs to the interests of economists and entrepreneurs, taking into account the growing informatization and digitalization of business processes

Directions to improve economic efficiency of regional production

The paper provides theoretical grounding and the directions for improving the economic efficiency of the regional feedstuff production. The study develops a conceptual model of distributing management functions of feedstuff production between the regional authorities of state sectoral and economic management and the district level. The authors suggest the methodology for calculating potential capacity of intraregional feedstuff market, considering the demands of all categories of agricultural manufacturers. The study examines possibilities for implementing the strategy of diversified growth and development of the intraregional feedstuff market, including the terms of interaction between the large and micro-business inside the industry and cooperation of micro-business feedstuff manufacturers with agricultural production. The authors have developed the methodology for assessing the efficiency of feedstuff production, based on the aggregate estimation of the management organization, conditions for the development of feedstuff production and changes in the feedstuff production and livestock breeding industry.peer-reviewe