Effect of isolated Footing settlement on structural response under lateral loads

The structural frames are normally analyzed by assuming frames with fixed base, and role of foundation and soil properties, on member action is neglected. It implies that foundation of frame being analyzed is very heavy and soil on which the structure is going to be constructed is rock like material, therefore settlement at the base of frame is considered zero. Actions thus obtained are used in designing the foundations and other structural members like beams and columns. Since base is considered fixed which may not always be true the actions in members and loads transferred at foundation level in this manner do not depict the true structural behavior. A proper and economical design of foundation results in elastic behavior, which makes the foundations vulnerable to settlement under loads. When uniform gravity loads are applied this settlement is less at base of vertical members located at corners of a frame and more under vertical members located in interior spans. Whereas when lateral loads are applied settlement in bases at far ends is very high as compared to the bases located at the near ends. Theses settlements results in member actions, which are different from those obtained when analyses is carried on assumption, that frame has fixed base. Also different types of foundations have different effect on member actions. Response of foundation in terms of settlement in the structure varies with nature and direction of loading. The cross sectional properties of foundation depend upon the soil properties. When the structural frame and the foundation are modeled together and analyzed, real response of the structural frame can be observed. Due to advancement in computational technology i.e. availability of high-speed computers and efficient softwares it has become possible and economical now to conduct analyses in this way. This work is focused on analyzing frame and isolated foundations together and studying the results in terms of foundation reactions and member actions. All results were than compared. It was concluded from the comparison of results that modeling of structure along with foundation affects its response. Under lateral forces the accumulation of stresses at certain points in the foundation resulted in large settlements. The settlements, which occurred in the modeled foundation directly, affected the member forces in the structural members. The research work can be helpful for the practicing engineers to achieve the more realistic response of the structure and more economical and safe design of reinforced concrete structures under gravity as well as seismic loadings

Experimental and Computational Study on Effect of Vanes on Heat Transfer and Flow Structure of Swirling Impinging Jet

The study focuses on heat transfer performance and flow structure associated with swirling jet on a flat target surface. The analysis is carried out with helicoid inserts of swirl number S = 1.3 by varying the number of vanes with Reynolds number between 11200 and 35600. The comparison of swirling jet with circular jet is carried out on its heat transfer performance. The heat transfer and flow structure are visualized using thermo-chromic liquid crystal sheet and oil film technique respectively. The numerical simulation is also performed at Re = 24700 for H/D distance between 1 and 4 using computational fluid dynamics. The heat transfer results reveal that the presence of axial recirculation zone at Re = 29800 and 35600 for the triple helicoid affects the uniformity of heat transfer distribution at 0 < X/D < 1.5 at H/D = 3. The axial component of velocity with respect to swirling jet is less than zero in the stagnation area and it increases at 0.57 < r/D < 0.97 for single vane and 0.63 < r/D < 0.97 for double and triple vanes. While the steep increase in tangential velocity of the triple vane jet is apparent at 0 < r/D < 0.5 at H/D = 2 and 3, the maximum value of point radially shifts inward towards the jet. The location of maximum turbulent kinetic energy approaching the surface at about r/D = 0.9 - 1.2 which characterizes the swirling jet at H/D = 2

Sensitive determination of uric acid at layered zinc hydroxide-sodium dodecyl sulphate-propoxur nanocomposite

An electrochemical chemical sensor for the determination of uric acid (UA) with high sen­si­ti­vity and a wide working range was fabricated using the layered zinc hydroxide-sodium dode­cyl sulphate-propoxur (LZH-SDS-PRO) nanocomposite, modified with multi­wall carbon nano­tu­bes (MWCNT). The introduction of LZH-SDS-PRO as a conducting matrix has en­hanced the con­ductivity of MWCNT. The morphology of LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT was cha­rac­terized by trans­mission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron micro­scopy (SEM), while electro­chemical behavior of UA and K3[Fe(CN)6] at LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT paste electrode was studied by square wave and cyclic voltammetry, respect­tively. Under the opti­mized ex­peri­mental conditions, the electrode established linear plot for UA con­centrations 7.0 mol L-1 to 0.7 mmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9920) and LOD was calculated to be 4.28 µmol L-1 (S/N = 3). The fabri­ca­ted LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT electrode was success­sfully applied to urine samples, exhi­bi­t­ing excellent stability and reproducibility, which made it worthwhile for analytical applica­tions

Tracking and tracing technology for halal product integrity over the supply chain

In order to accomplish the intent to further develop halal sector in Malaysia, something need to be done to introduce a comprehensive and suitable tracking and tracing technology for sustain the integrity of halal product and to develop a proper technological framework that can support the entire supply chain of halal product process. Tracking and tracing technology for Halal Supply Chain in Malaysia are given less attention. To overcome the halal product integrity issue, and in achieving the objective as halal hub country, Malaysia should setup alternative or solutions. Combinations of ICT technology and halal supply chain world by develop a technology that could be imply in the halal supply chain process framework could be one of the solutions. In information technology (IT) world, technologies suppose be the best formula to be added in to make the world more convenience and effective living by all kind of culture and religion. In introducing the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to the Halal Supply Chain, there are several type of RFID in the market currently and which one should be identified to be use in this problem area. In fact, before putting the new technology that been discussed, modified original framework also should be count in too

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on Insulin Resistance in Rat with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-High Fat Diet

Background: Insulin resistance has important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetes. Recent study showed that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Harmless antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on insulin resistance in rat with diabetes mellitus type 2 induced by STZ-NA-HFDD. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial posttest only with control group design. A sample of 44 rats was selected for this study at random, divided into 11 groups. Doses of ethanol extract of squash divided in 3 categories including: 45 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW. The independent variable was ethanol extract of chayote. The dependent variables were blood sugar level, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxida Dismutase (SOD), and HOMA-IR. Differences in mean between groups were tested by One Way ANOVA and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of blood sugar level were not statistically significant (p= 0.525), with the lowest level of blood sugar level was in 45 mg/kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 155.16; SD= 31.92). The mean differences of MDA level were statistically significant (p= 0.001), with the highest MDA level was in 100 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.40; SD= 0.23). The mean differences of insulin resistance level were not statistically significant (p= 0.071), with the lowest insulin resistance level was in 45 mg/ kg-BW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 0.16; SD= 0.08). The mean differrences of level of superoxide dismutase were not statistically significant (p= 0.525), with the highest level of superoxide dismutase was in 45 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.10; SD= 0.75). Conclusion: The low dose (45 mg/ kgBW) of chayote ethanol extract can effectively lower blood sugar, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance level. The 100 mg/ kgBW dose of chayote ethanol extract can effectively increase MDA. Keywords: blood sugar, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, chayote ethanol extract. Correspondence: Jekson Martiar Siahaan. Post Graduate Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6289666444206

Factors that influence the intention to adopt halal logistics services among Malaysian SMEs: formation of hypotheses and research model

This study was aim to understand the influence of adoption factors on the intention of adopting an innovation (Halal Logistics) among Malaysian Halal SMEs. This research employed a quantitative research design using survey research method. Four objectives were established. The first is to formulate a model that identifies the influence of adoption factors on innovation (Halal Logistics) adoption intention among Malaysian Halal SMEs. This was achieved through literature reviews and preliminary study. Five halal compliant logistics service providers (LSPs) were contacted through phone and email correspondences. Seven research hypotheses were derived and seven factors that influenced the innovation (Halal Logistics) adoption intention were identified: the presence of familiarity with innovation, status characteristics, position in social network as internal factors as well as benefit, geographical setting, societal culture and political condition as external factors. The second objective is to develop an instrument that can be used to measure the influence of adoption factors on adoption intention among Halal SMEs

Sensitive determination of uric acid at layered zinc hydroxide-sodium dodecyl sulphate-propoxur nanocomposite

An electrochemical chemical sensor for the determination of uric acid (UA) with high sen­si­ti­vity and a wide working range was fabricated using the layered zinc hydroxide-sodium dode­cyl sulphate-propoxur (LZH-SDS-PRO) nanocomposite, modified with multi­wall carbon nano­tu­bes (MWCNT). The introduction of LZH-SDS-PRO as a conducting matrix has en­hanced the con­ductivity of MWCNT. The morphology of LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT was cha­rac­terized by trans­mission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron micro­scopy (SEM), while electro­chemical behavior of UA and K3[Fe(CN)6] at LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT paste electrode was studied by square wave and cyclic voltammetry, respect­tively. Under the opti­mized ex­peri­mental conditions, the electrode established linear plot for UA con­centrations 7.0 mol L-1 to 0.7 mmol L-1 (R2 = 0.9920) and LOD was calculated to be 4.28 µmol L-1 (S/N = 3). The fabri­ca­ted LZH-SDS-PRO/MWCNT electrode was success­sfully applied to urine samples, exhi­bi­t­ing excellent stability and reproducibility, which made it worthwhile for analytical applica­tions