Problems and controversial issues in diagnostics of pneumonia in newborns

The literature review on the basis of modern domestic and foreign literature data presents information about pneumonia in newborns. It discusses issues of classification and diagnostic criteria for the disease; summarizes actual information about peculiarities, epidemiology of neonatal pneumonia, etiology and specific risk factors for congenital pneumonia, pneumonia with early and late onset, including nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia, communityacquired pneumonia in newborns. It provides data on frequency of respiratory and general clinical symptoms, results of image diagnostics and laboratory diagnostics of the disease. © 2019, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved

Clinical and laboratory markers of bacterial infection in children of different ages

Based on current data from domestic and foreign studies, the article presents relevant information on clinical, hematological and biochemical markers of bacterial infection (BI) in children of different ages, which are indications for antibiotic therapy. The article provides criteria for the clinical differential diagnostics of viral, bacterial and severe bacterial infections in children. Clinical and laboratory signs of systemic BI in newborns are described separately. Depending on age, starting from birth, the cut-off values and prognostic potential of leukocytes, neutrophils, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels as the most informative laboratory markers of BI are presented. Numerous alternative reasons for increasing the level of these indicators, which justify the need to simultaneously identify several markers are listed. © 2019, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved

Mukolipidosis type II as the cause of pulmonary hypertension in children

The article describes the development of multifactorial pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with hypoxemia on the basis of a long-term clinical observation of the child with type II mucosolipidosis (ML). The literature data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, modern ML treatment are presented. Results of patients' examination in dynamics, disease course, prescribed therapy and response to it are described. The study substantiates the connection of PH development with hypoxemia and pulmonary hypoplasia, progression of multiple dysostosis, incl. facial dysmorphism and thoracic dysplasia in patients with ML. The algorithm for examining patients with ML should include monitoring of oxygen saturation and pressure in the pulmonary artery in order to timely diagnose and treat hypoxemia and PH. © 2019, Pediatria Ltd.. All rights reserved

The structure of interstitial lung diseases in children of the first two years of life

For the first time in Russia, the article provides data on interstitial lung diseases structure in children of the first two years of life, based on a series of observations of 68 patients with these rare diseases, as a part of multi-center ambispective study. Interstitial lung diseases in observed children included: Wilson-Mikity syndrome (23,4%), neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (22%), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (7,4%), primary pulmonary hypoplasia (1,5%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Jeune syndrome (10,3%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Edwards syndrome (2,9%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with other associated pathology (omphalocele - 1,5%, non-immune fetal hydrops - 1,5%), subpleural cysts in patients with Down syndrome (5,9%), congenital deficiency of surfactant protein B (1,5%), brain-lung- thyroid syndrome (2,9%), congenital alveolar-capillary dysplasia (1,5%), interstitial lung diseases with systemic diseases (Langerhans cell histiocytosis - 16,2%, Niemann-Pick disease - 1,5%). The article summarizes clinical features, the results of image diagnosis and disease outcomes. © 2015, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

The structure of interstitial lung diseases in children of the first two years of life

For the first time in Russia, the article provides data on interstitial lung diseases structure in children of the first two years of life, based on a series of observations of 68 patients with these rare diseases, as a part of multi-center ambispective study. Interstitial lung diseases in observed children included: Wilson-Mikity syndrome (23,4%), neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (22%), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (7,4%), primary pulmonary hypoplasia (1,5%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Jeune syndrome (10,3%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Edwards syndrome (2,9%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with other associated pathology (omphalocele - 1,5%, non-immune fetal hydrops - 1,5%), subpleural cysts in patients with Down syndrome (5,9%), congenital deficiency of surfactant protein B (1,5%), brain-lung- thyroid syndrome (2,9%), congenital alveolar-capillary dysplasia (1,5%), interstitial lung diseases with systemic diseases (Langerhans cell histiocytosis - 16,2%, Niemann-Pick disease - 1,5%). The article summarizes clinical features, the results of image diagnosis and disease outcomes. © 2015, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved