Maximum likelihood tree based on core plasmid SNP data.

<p>A: pXO1. B: pXO2. <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> sequences are black, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> red and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> biovar anthracis blue. Branch support values were estimated by approximate likelihood ratio tests and are only reported for these internal branches not supported by maximal values. The trees were rooted with TempEst v1.5.</p

Maximum likelihood tree based on core chromosomal SNP data.

<p>A: Full tree. B: Zoom-in focused on the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> biovar anthracis clade. <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> sequences are black, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> red and <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> bv anthracis blue. Branch support values were estimated by approximate likelihood ratio tests and are only reported for these internal branches not supported by maximal values. This tree was rooted with TempEst v1.5.</p

Comparison of selected microbiological and molecular features of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> bv anthracis strains.

<p>Comparison of selected microbiological and molecular features of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> bv anthracis strains.</p

Influence of tourism activities and PA size on threat level in 83 PAs.

<p>In bold are highlighted significant values (p <i><0.05</i>). See abbreviations in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114154#pone-0114154-t002" target="_blank">Tab 2</a>. AIC, Akaike's Information Criterion; AICw, Akaike Information Criterion weight; Rank, model rank from the smallest to the largest AIC value; k, number of variables including the intercept.</p><p>Influence of tourism activities and PA size on threat level in 83 PAs.</p

Regional distribution of the protected areas (PAs) in tropical Africa considered in the analyses.

<p>The regions are coloured in different grey scale colours. Light grey represents West Africa, including 54 protected areas; medium grey represents Central Africa, including 31 protected areas; dark grey represents East Africa, including 14 protected areas. On the left-side bottom corner a MODIS NDVI image of Africa, with a red quadrant highlighting the tropical area considered in the study.</p

Proportion of protected areas with conservation activities between 1990 and 1999 across different African regions.

<p>The number of protected areas with available information on presence and absence of any conservation activity (research, tourism and law enforcement guards) over the considered period were in total 105.</p

Influence of law enforcement activities and PA size on threat levels in 90 PAs.

<p>In bold are highlighted significant values (p <i><0.05</i>). See abbreviations in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114154#pone-0114154-t002" target="_blank">Tab 2</a>. AIC, Akaike's Information Criterion; AICw, Akaike Information Criterion weight; Rank, model rank from the smallest to the largest AIC value; k, number of variables including the intercept.</p><p>Influence of law enforcement activities and PA size on threat levels in 90 PAs.</p

Threats impact levels to 98 tropical African protected areas at a continental and regional scale.

<p>Clockwise from top: Africa (a), Central Africa (b), East Africa (c) and West Africa (d).</p

Influence of research activities and PA size on threat level in 92 PAs.

<p>In bold are highlighted significant values (p <i><0.05</i>). See abbreviations in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114154#pone-0114154-t002" target="_blank">Tab 2</a>. AIC, Akaike's Information Criterion; AICw, Akaike Information Criterion weight; Rank, model rank from the smallest to the largest AIC value; k, number of variables including the intercept.</p><p>Influence of research activities and PA size on threat level in 92 PAs.</p

Symmetric matrix with Spearman's correlation between all threat impact levels recorded in 98 protected areas.

<p>In bold are highlighted significant correlations (<i>p</i><0.0001) following post hoc test Bonferroni correction (<i>p</i> = 0.05/78). Abbreviations: coh, commercial hunting; suh, subsistence hunting; agr, agriculture; fuw, fuel wood; inf, infrastructure; has, human settlement around; his, human settlement inside; war, war; dis, disease; fir, fire; min, mining; log, logging.</p><p>Symmetric matrix with Spearman's correlation between all threat impact levels recorded in 98 protected areas.</p