2 research outputs found
Basic methods for investigating and proving sickle-cell anemia
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π‘ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ (Π‘ΠΠ) Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° (ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΠ·ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅), Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅. Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π‘ΠΠ. ΠΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ: ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π‘ΠΠ ΡΠ° Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°: ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΠΠ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° in vivo, ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° HbS - ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (HPLC), ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π±Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π‘ΠΠ, Π·Π° Π΄Π° Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅.Introduction: The sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetically determined disease, that is a major public health issue amongst not only the countries where it is traditionally quite common (Africa, Asia, America and the Mediterranean), but also the majority of European countries, where a significant increase of the frequency of the disease is observed. Aim: To present methods used for screening and diagnose of SCA. Discussion: The methods used for screening and diagnose of SCA can be classified into two main categories - routine ones and highly specialised laboratory methods. The routine tests include complete blood count, biochemical parameters to prove in vivo haemolysis, urine tests and the screening tests for presence of HbS e.g. sickling tests and solubility tests. In order to confirm the diagnosis of SCA the usage of protein separation techniques such as electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of abnormal hemoglobin variants is of high importance. Concerning prenatal diagnostics DNA analysis is also used for detection of point mutation in the fetus beta gene of globin molecule. Conclusion: In order to ensure with maximum of effectiveness the diagnostic process of this common hereditary disease, a good knowledge of all available screening and diagnostic methods is needed
Long-Distance LIDAR Mapping Schematic for Fast Monitoring of Bioaerosol Pollution over Large City Areas
Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) atmospheric sensing is a major tool for remote monitoring of aerosol pollution and its propagation in the atmosphere. Combining LIDAR sensing with ground-based aerosol monitoring can form the basis of integrated air-quality characterization. When present, biological atmospheric contamination is transported by aerosol particles of different size known as bioaerosol, whose monitoring is now among the basic areas of atmospheric research, especially in densely-populated large urban regions, where many bioaerosol-emitting sources exist. Thus, promptly identifying the bioaerosol sources, including their geographical coordinates, intensities, space-time distributions, etc., becomes a major task of a city monitoring system. This chapter argues in favor of integrating a LIDAR mapping schematic with in situ sampling and characterization of the bioaerosol in the urban area. The measurements, data processing, and decision-making aimed at preventing further atmospheric contamination should be performed in a near-real-time mode, which imposes certain demands on the typical LIDAR schematics, including long-range sensing as a critical parameter, especially over large areas (10 β 100 km2). In this chapter, we describe experiments using a LIDAR schematic allowing near-real-time long-distance measurements of urban bioaerosol combined with its ground-based sampling and physicochemical and biological studies