Researches on wood-destroying fungi division Ascomycota, classis Ascomycetes

Orchards aging and agrotechnical cares reduction have led to suitable development conditions of a large number of wood-destroying fungi that had never been a problem for the intensive fruit growing. This caused the necessity of their study in the main orchard regions of our country. The research was conducted from 2003 to 2005 on the basis of expeditionary-geographical method. Twelve species of wood destroying Ascomycota fungi have been identified. Both their parasitic activity degree and phylogenetic and ontogenetic specialization level have been defined. Species with mutual hosts - fruit or forest trees have been found. That fact makes possible the infection accumulation and transfer from forest to agricultural ecosystems which is of considerable importance for the mountain fruit growing

Adaptation of eye and hand movements to target displacements of different size

Previous work has documented that the direction of eye and hand movements can be adaptively modified using the double-step paradigm. Here we report that both motor systems adapt not only to small direction steps (5° gaze angle) but also to large ones (28° gaze angle). However, the magnitude of adaptation did not increase with step size, and the relative magnitude of adaptation therefore decreased from 67% with small steps to 15% with large steps. This decreasing efficiency of adaptation may reflect the participation of directionally selective neural circuits in double-step adaptation