Structural Normalization of Topological Resonance Energy

Topological resonance energy method, derived as a variant of Dewar resonance energy concept, and expressed by adjacency algebra formalism, has been for years applied for successful prediction of aromatic properties of conjugated organic and inorganic species. In this work a numerical value of TRE has been discussed in light of its physical meaning. Normalization method of this value has been proposed, and numerical boundary values for evaluation of the degree of aromaticity were given. The method is new and quite different from all other known methods which has been proposed and employed for TRE normalization. Versatility and stability of our normalization procedure has been shown on numerous examples

Evaluation of immunogenic properties of monovalent and polyvalent inactivated bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines

This study is aimed at evaluating the immunogenicity of two inactivated (mono- and polyvalent) vaccines containing bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) reference and field strains. Three experimental groups were formed: 10 calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28) subcutaneously (s/c) with 2 ml of inactivated polyvalent vaccine per animal (Group 1); 10 calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28) subcutaneously (s/c) with 2 ml of inactivated monovalent vaccine per animal (Group 2) and 9 unvaccinated calves (Control, Group C). Blood sera were obtained from immunized animals (standard procedure: on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 post-immunization). Geometric mean titer (GMT) values for BVDV neutralizing antibodies were substantially higher in blood sera of calves receiving the inactivated monovalent vaccine. The immune response developed more rapidly in calves immunized with the monovalent vaccine

Primena numeričkih modela za optimizaciju rada bunarske zaštite eksploatacionih bunara - primer izvorišta Korbovo

Advanced mathematical models of groundwater flow provide exceptional support in designing of new wellheads, but also optimization analyses of the existing groundwater resources management. However, for reliable forecasts their application requires a large data base that may be obtained exclusively through field research. The paper demonstrates the application of advanced mathematical models in an optimization analysis of the wellhead protection system management, with the case study of the wellhead 'Korbovo', at the Danube riverbank. Required field investigations and background data were presented as the basis for the formulation of mathematical model. On the basis of numerical analysis, a solution was proposed for the wellhead protection management, which generates significant energy savings in relation to the existing conditions.Savremeni matematički modeli strujanja podzemnih voda pružaju izuzetnu podršku kod projektovanja novih, ali i kod različitih optimizacija rada postojećih izvorišta podzemnih voda. Međutim, njihova primena u cilju pouzdanih prognoza zahteva obiman fond podataka do kojih se dolazi isključivo terenskim istraživanjima. U radu se demonstrira primena naprednih matematičkih modela u cilju optimizacije rada bunarske zaštite izvorišta podzemnih voda na primeru izvorišta "Korbovo" pored Dunava. U tom smislu, prezentovana su neophodna istraživanja i podloge kao osnova za formiranje matematičkog modela. Na osnovu numeričkih analiza predloženo je rešenje rada bunarske zaštite kojom se ostvaruju značajne energetske uštede u odnosu na postojeće uslove

HPV tipizacija kao program probira za prevenciju i rano otkrivanje raka grlića maternice u različitim crnogorskim regijama

The objective of our research was to compare the results of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and occurrence of the most important risk factors for cervical cancer obtained in the towns of northern, central and southern regions of Montenegro, in subjects between 30 and 35 years of age, in accordance with the new screening program introduced by the Ministry of Health of Montenegro in 2018. The study included 400 patients aged 30-35 years from Rožaje, Berane, Budva and Podgorica, 100 from each town, who underwent HPV typing in accordance with the latest screening program for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, approved by the Ministry of Health of Montenegro in 2018. The material was obtained and sampled at the Health Clinics in Rožaje, Berane, Podgorica and Budva. Specially designed brushes were used to take swabs from the cervices, which were then sampled in separate collection tubes that contained a liquid transport medium. The samples were then sent for further analysis to the Institute of Public Health of Montenegro where HPV typing was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The results were encrypted and obtained electronically. The data obtained from the questionnaires each subject filled out in accordance with this program were analyzed and the subjects willingly agreed to partake in the screening program. Nearly one-quarter of subjects had a positive HPV finding. The group of HPV positive women included significantly more women from Podgorica (χ2-test=26.455, p<0.001), women with very good living conditions (χ2-test=12.264, p<0.001), women who smoked cigarettes (χ2 test=5.074, p=0.024), women who had the first sexual intercourse between the ages of 17 and 20 (χ2-test=5.874, p=0.015), and women who did not have permanent partners (χ2-test=6.061, p=0.014). Among the observed socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of our subjects that proved to be non-significant variables in their HPV statuses we excluded the length of smoking habit (χ2 test=0.638, p=0.424) and protected sexual intercourse (χ2-test=2.628, p=0.105). By implementing the screening program and HPV typing, we came to a conclusion that the problem of cervical cancer could be solved or at least mitigated by raising awareness of the causes and incidence of cervical cancer, as well as by being well informed on its curability, predictability and protection during intercourse, which would contribute to positive changes.Cilj našega istraživanja bio je usporediti rezultate tipizacije humanog papilomavirusa (HPV) i zastupljenosti najvažnijih čimbenika rizika za oboljele od raka grlića maternice između gradova sjevernog, centralnog i južnog područja Crne Gore u populaciji žena u dobi od 30-35 godina, predviđene novim programom probira koji je Ministarstvo zdravlja Crne Gore uvelo 2018. godine. Studijom su obuhvaćene bolesnice iz Rožaja, Berana, Budve i Podgorice, ukupno njih 400 (po 100 iz svakog grada) kod kojih je provedena HPV tipizacija predviđena najnovijim programom probira za rano otkrivanje i prevenciju raka grlića maternice Ministarstva zdravlja Crne Gore u 2018. godini. Materijal je uzorkovan u ambulantama Domova zdravlja u Rožajama, Beranama, Podgorici i Budvi. Specijalnim četkicama se uzima bris s grlića maternice, a zatim uzorkuje u posebnoj epruveti s podlogom i šalje na analizu u Institut za javno zdravlje Crne Gore gdje se radi HPV tipizacija metodom RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Rezultati su se dobivali elektronički i šifrirani. Svim ispitanicama su se uzeli i analizirali podaci iz anketnog upitnika koji je sastavljen kao dio ovoga programa, a ispitanice su dobrovoljno pristale na program probira. Gotovo jedna četvrtina ispitanica je imala pozitivan nalaz HPV. U skupini žena pozitivnih na HPV bilo je značajno više žena iz Podgorice (χ2-test=26,455, p<0,001), žena koje imaju vrlo dobre uvjete života (χ2-test=12,264, p<0,001), žena koje puše cigarete (χ2-test=5,074, p=0,024), žena koje su imale prvi seksualni odnos u dobi od 17-20 godina (χ2-test=5,874, p=0,015) i žena koje nemaju stalne partnere (χ2-test=6,061, p=0,014). Promatrajući sociodemografske karakteristike i seksualno ponašanje ispitanica prema HPV statusu kao varijable koje nisu pokazale značajnost izdvojile su se pušački staž (χ2- test=0,638, p=0,424) i žaštićen seksualni odnos (χ2-test=2,628, p=0,105). Provođenjem programa probira i HPV tipizacije dolazimo do zaključka da bi se problem mogao riješiti ili barem ublažiti podizanjem svijesti o uzrocima i učestalosti raka grlića maternice kao i informiranosti o izlječivosti, predvidljivosti i seksualnoj zaštiti, što bi doprinijelo pozitivnim promjenama

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: current knowledge and future perspectives

Due to high relative blood flow the kidney is prone to drug-induced damage. Aminoglycoside type antibiotic gentamicin is one of the leading cause of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. In recent years gentamicin nephrotoxicity is significantly reduced by shifting to once daily dosage as well as by eliminating known risk factors. Application of gentamicin is still related to serious side effects which are reported more often compared to other antibiotics. Because gentamicin is still heavily used and is highly efficient in treating infections, it is important to find mechanisms to reduce its nephrotoxicity. This aim can only be achieved through better understanding of kidney metabolism of gentamicin. This problem has been extensively researched in the last 20 years. The experimental results have provided evidence for almost complete understanding of mechanisms responsible for gentamicin nephrotoxicity. We now have well described morphological, biochemical and functional changes in kidney due to gentamicin application. During the years, this model has become so popular that now it is used as an experimental model for nephrotoxicity per se. This situation can mislead an ordinary reader of scientific literature that we know everything about it and there is nothing new to discover here. But quite opposite is true. The precise and complete mechanism of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is still point of speculation and an unfinished story. With emerge of new and versatile technics in biomedicine we have an opportunity to reexamine old beliefs and discover new facts. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and gives some future perspectives

An Automated Process of Creating 3D City Model for Monitoring Urban Infrastructures

This paper describes the process of designing models and tools for an automated way of creating 3D city model based on a raw point cloud.Also, making and forming 3D models of buildings. Models and tools for creating tools made in the model builder application within the ArcGIS Pro software. An unclassified point cloud obtained by the LiDAR system was used for the model input data. The point cloud, collected by the airborne laser scanning system (ALS), is classified into several classes: ground, high and low noise, and buildings. Based on the created DEMs, points classified as buildings and formed prints of buildings, realistic 3D city models were created. Created 3D models of cities can be used as a basis for monitoring the infrastructure of settlements and other analyzes that are important for further development and architecture of cities

Primena numeričkih modela za optimizaciju rada bunarske zaštite eksploatacionih bunara - primer izvorišta Korbovo

Advanced mathematical models of groundwater flow provide exceptional support in designing of new wellheads, but also optimization analyses of the existing groundwater resources management. However, for reliable forecasts their application requires a large data base that may be obtained exclusively through field research. The paper demonstrates the application of advanced mathematical models in an optimization analysis of the wellhead protection system management, with the case study of the wellhead 'Korbovo', at the Danube riverbank. Required field investigations and background data were presented as the basis for the formulation of mathematical model. On the basis of numerical analysis, a solution was proposed for the wellhead protection management, which generates significant energy savings in relation to the existing conditions.Savremeni matematički modeli strujanja podzemnih voda pružaju izuzetnu podršku kod projektovanja novih, ali i kod različitih optimizacija rada postojećih izvorišta podzemnih voda. Međutim, njihova primena u cilju pouzdanih prognoza zahteva obiman fond podataka do kojih se dolazi isključivo terenskim istraživanjima. U radu se demonstrira primena naprednih matematičkih modela u cilju optimizacije rada bunarske zaštite izvorišta podzemnih voda na primeru izvorišta "Korbovo" pored Dunava. U tom smislu, prezentovana su neophodna istraživanja i podloge kao osnova za formiranje matematičkog modela. Na osnovu numeričkih analiza predloženo je rešenje rada bunarske zaštite kojom se ostvaruju značajne energetske uštede u odnosu na postojeće uslove

Atipična manifestacija nemikrocelularnog karcinoma pluća: metastaze u ingvinalne limfne čvorove kao prvi znak recidiva bolesti

A case is presented of a 67-year-old male patient with atypical non-small cell lung cancer, where inguinal lymph node metastases were the first sign of disease relapse. The patient had a long-term smoking history of 30 cigarettes per day, with no other important personal or family medical history data. Because of prolonged cough, the patient underwent diagnostic procedure, which revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (stage IIIB, T3N2M0). Concomitant radiochemotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy according to PE protocol was administered. Multislice computed tomography performed upon chemotherapy completion showed almost complete tumor regression and withdrawal of mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and the patient felt well. However, in the next few months, enlarged lymph nodes appeared in both inguinal regions. Histopathologic analysis revealed metastatic lung cancer. Four months after the presentation of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, lung cancer metastases were also diagnosed in the liver and lumbosacral spine. Despite additional treatments, the patient died four months later. Although it is well known that inguinal lymph nodes can harbor lung cancer metastases, in our patient inguinal lymph node metastases were the first sign of lung cancer relapse.Prikazuje se slučaj 67-godišnjeg bolesnika s neuobičajenim razvojem kliničke slike planocelularnog karcinoma pluća, kod kojeg su metastaze u preponskim limfnim čvorovima bile prvi znak recidiva bolesti. Dugogodišnji je pušač koji puši oko 30 cigareta na dan, a osobna i obiteljska anamneza su bez osobitosti. Zbog dugotrajnog kašlja učinjena mu je dijagnostička obrada koja je pokazala da se radi o planocelularnom karcinom pluća (stadij IIIB, T3N2MO). S obzirom na stadij proširenosti tumora ordinirano je provođenje konkomitantne radio-kemoterapije i konsolidacijske kemoterapije, prema protokolu PE. Iako je kontrolna kompjutorizirana tomografija pokazala gotovo potpunu regresiju tumora i iako se bolesnik osjećao značajno bolje, nekoliko mjeseci nakon provedene konsolidacijske kemoterapije pojavili su se povećani limfni čvorovi u obje preponske regije, patohistološka analiza kojih je pokazala metastatski planocelularni karcinom pluća. Četiri mjeseca nakon pojave metastaza u preponskim limfnim čvorovima dijagnosticirane su metastaze u jetri i lumbosakralnoj kralježnici. Unatoč provedenoj terapiji bolesnik je preminuo. Iako je poznato da preponski limfni čvorovi mogu biti sijelo metastatskog karcinoma pluća, ovdje se opisuje slučaj gdje su povećani preponski limfni čvorovi bili prvi znak recidiva bolesti