Deficijencija B12 vitamina kod deteta majke na veganskoj ishrani

Vitamin B12 deficiency usually occurs in exclusively breastfed infants whose mothers have pernicious anaemia or are vegetarian. Early treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants can prevent potentially neurologic sequelae. A male child aged 13 months has been hospitalized due to failure to thrive, feeding problems, pallor, weakness and hypotonia. During the pregnancy mother did not eat meat and during lactation she also excluded eggs and milk. The child was exclusively breastfed. Laboratory investigations showed a haemoglobin level of 3.5 g/dL, haematocrit 10%, red blood cell count of 0.99 × 1012/L, white blood cell count of 4.23 × 109 /L and platelet count of 55 × 109 /L. Vitamin B12 level was low. A bone marrow aspiration finding was consistent with megaloblastic anaemia. The magnetic resonance imaging showed brain atrophy. Vitamin B12 in a dose of 10µg per kg was applied intramuscularly daily for 2 weeks, then once weekly. Three days after initiating B12 vitamin therapy there was an improvement in the blood count with the gradual improvement of neurological state. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a treatable cause of pancytopenia and neurological dysfunction in children and should be considered as differential diagnosis in an infant with neurological symptoms.Deficijencija B12 vitamina se obično javlja kod odojčadi koja su na prirodnoj ishrani a čije majke imaju pernicioznu anemiju ili su vegetarijanci. Pravovremeno lečenje deficijencije B12 vitamina kod odojčadi može da prevenira potencijalne neurološke posledice. Malo muško dete uzrasta 13 meseci je hospitalizovano zbog nenapredovanja, problema sa hranjenjem, bledila, slabosti i hipotonije.Tokom trudnoće majka nije jela meso dok je tokom dojenja iz ishrane isključila i jaja i mleko. Dete je isključivo dojeno. U laboratorijskim nalazima nivo hemoglobina je iznosio 3,5 g/dl, hematokrit 10%, broj eritrocita je bio 0.99×1012/L, broj leukocita 4.23×109 /L i broj trombocita 55×109 /L. Nivo B12 vitamina je bio snižen. Nalaz biopsije kostne srži ukazivao je na megaloblastnu anemiju. Na magnetnoj rezonanci endokranijuma viđena je atrofija mozga. Vitamin B12 u dozi od 10 mikrograma/kg primenjen je intramuskularno svakodnevno tokom 2 nedelje, potom jednom nedeljno.Tri dana od započinjanja terapije zabeleženo je poboljšanje hematoloških vrednosti uz postepeno poboljšanje neurološkog statusa. Deficijencija B12 vitamina je uzrok pancitopenije i neurološke disfuncije kod dece koju je moguće lečiti. Kod odojčeta sa neurološkim simptomima ova deficijencija treba da bude razmotrena kao diferencijalna dijagnoza

Influence of different extrusion temperatures on the stability of ellagic acid from raspberry seeds

Production of raspberry products leaves large amounts of seeds which are considered as by-product or waste. These seeds are rich source of ellagic acid and about 88% of the total ellagic acid content in raspberries comes from the seeds. This study investigates the influence of extrusion process at different temperatures on the content of ellagic acid in 'Willamette' raspberry seeds. The extrusion was performed on a Brabender singlescrew laboratory extruder and at three temperature regimes: 140, 160 and 200°C. HPLC/DAD analysis was used to determine and quantify the content of ellagic acid in the extruded samples. Ellagic acid content was quantified by calculation using a calibration curve established from standard ellagic acid. The content of ellagic acid in raspberry seeds was found to be 286.54 μg/g. Use of different extrusion temperatures did not have any impact on the stability of ellagic acid from 'Willamete' raspberry seeds, i.e. did not make significant differences in the content of the ellagic acid. These findings indicated that raspberry seeds may be suitable for the high temperature food processing

Brown tumor of the maxilla in patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism

Brown tumor or parathyroid osteopathy is a kind of bony lesion caused by hyperparathyroidism. It appears as an expansive osteolytic lesion mostly in mandible, ribs, pelvis and femur, but rarely in the upper jaw. Bone resorption is the result of osteoclastic activity due to an increased activity of parathyroid hormone. A 25-years-old male patient was operated on due to clinicaly and radiographicaly obvious maxillary tumor and increased values of parathyroid hormon (PTH - 1 050 ng/l). The level of calcium in blood was normal (Ca 2.34 mEq/L). The patient was dialyzed for years because of the chronic renal failure. Histopathologic analysis confirmed brown tumor, that appeared as bony lesion of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to the chronic renal failure. The operation of the upper jaw had been performed before parathyroidectomy, due to an excessive growth of tumor followed by heavy epistaxes. The subsequent parathyroidectomy was followed by the regression of remaining bony lesions

Experimental studies on active vibration control of smart plate using a modified PID controller with optimal orientation of piezoelectric actuator

This paper presents a design, development and experimental verification of an active vibration control system of aluminum plate. The active structure consists of an aluminum rectangular plate as the host structure, strain gages as the sensor element and a piezoceramic patch as the actuation element. Based on characteristics of the integrated elements with use of the fuzzy optimization strategy based on the pseudogoal function the optimal orientation of piezoelectric actuator is found, and the whole active vibration control system is designed and developed. The active vibration control system is controlled by proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy. Control algorithm was implemented on the PIC32MX440F256H microcontroller platform. In order to prevent it from negative occurrences from derivative and integral terms in a PID controller, the first-order low-pass filters are implemented in the derivative action and in the feedback of integral action. The experiment considers active damping control under periodic excitation. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the vibration suppression and to compare the damping effect with different adjustment of PID gains. Experimental results corresponding to the developed active vibration control system are presented. The system suppresses more than 90% of vibration amplitude, which confirms the high level of effectiveness in vibration active damping at the proposed active structure

Experimental studies on active vibration control of smart plate using a modified PID controller with optimal orientation of piezoelectric actuator

This paper presents a design, development and experimental verification of an active vibration control system of aluminum plate. The active structure consists of an aluminum rectangular plate as the host structure, strain gages as the sensor element and a piezoceramic patch as the actuation element. Based on characteristics of the integrated elements with use of the fuzzy optimization strategy based on the pseudogoal function the optimal orientation of piezoelectric actuator is found, and the whole active vibration control system is designed and developed. The active vibration control system is controlled by proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy. Control algorithm was implemented on the PIC32MX440F256H microcontroller platform. In order to prevent it from negative occurrences from derivative and integral terms in a PID controller, the first-order low-pass filters are implemented in the derivative action and in the feedback of integral action. The experiment considers active damping control under periodic excitation. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the vibration suppression and to compare the damping effect with different adjustment of PID gains. Experimental results corresponding to the developed active vibration control system are presented. The system suppresses more than 90% of vibration amplitude, which confirms the high level of effectiveness in vibration active damping at the proposed active structure

Experimental studies on active vibration control of a smart composite beam using a PID controller

This paper presents experimental verification of the active vibration control of a smart cantilever composite beam using a PID controller. In order to prevent negative occurrences in the derivative and integral terms in a PID controller, first-order low-pass filters are implemented in the derivative action and in the feedback of the integral action. The proposed application setup consists of a composite cantilever beam with a fiber-reinforced piezoelectric actuator and strain gage sensors. The beam is modeled using a finite element method based on third-order shear deformation theory. The experiment considers vibration control under periodic excitation and an initial static deflection. A control algorithm was implemented on a PIC32MX440F256H microcontroller. Experimental results corresponding to the proposed PID controller are compared with corresponding results using proportional (P) control, proportional-integral (PI) control and proportional-derivative (PD) control. Experimental results indicate that the proposed PID controller provides 8.93% more damping compared to a PD controller, 14.41% more damping compared to a PI controller and 19.04% more damping compared to a P controller in the case of vibration under periodic excitation. In the case of free vibration control, the proposed PID controller shows better performance (settling time 1.2 s) compared to the PD controller (settling time 1.5 s) and PI controller (settling time 2.5 s)

A multi-pad electrode based functional electrical stimulation system for restoration of grasp

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied via transcutaneous electrodes is a common rehabilitation technique for assisting grasp in patients with central nervous system lesions. To improve the stimulation effectiveness of conventional FES, we introduce multi-pad electrodes and a new stimulation paradigm.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The new FES system comprises an electrode composed of small pads that can be activated individually. This electrode allows the targeting of motoneurons that activate synergistic muscles and produce a functional movement. The new stimulation paradigm allows asynchronous activation of motoneurons and provides controlled spatial distribution of the electrical charge that is delivered to the motoneurons. We developed an automated technique for the determination of the preferred electrode based on a cost function that considers the required movement of the fingers and the stabilization of the wrist joint. The data used within the cost function come from a sensorized garment that is easy to implement and does not require calibration. The design of the system also includes the possibility for fine-tuning and adaptation with a manually controllable interface.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The device was tested on three stroke patients. The results show that the multi-pad electrodes provide the desired level of selectivity and can be used for generating a functional grasp. The results also show that the procedure, when performed on a specific user, results in the preferred electrode configuration characteristics for that patient. The findings from this study are of importance for the application of transcutaneous stimulation in the clinical and home environments.</p

AN INSIGHT INTO IN VITRO BIOACTIVITY OF WILD-GROWING PUFFBALL SPECIES LYCOPERDON PERLATUM (PERS) 1796

ABSTRACT: Lycoperdon perlatum (Pers) 1796 is saprobic puffball species with a global distribution. It is edible if young, when the gleba is still homogeneous and white. Since this species has a pleasant texture and taste, it has been used in soups as a substitute for dumplings. The aim of this work was to study bioactivity of crude extracts prepared from wild-growing sporocarps of L. perlatum collected from Eastern Serbia during 2012. The bioactivity screens included antioxidant (DPPH • and FRAP assays), antiproliferative (human breast MCF-7 cancer cell-line; MTT and SRB assays) and antibacterial (three referent ATCC strains; microdilution assay) effects. Polar extracts (aqueous -LycAq and ethanol -LycEtOH) and a nonpolar extract (hexane -LycHex) of the examined mushroom species were screened. In addition, LycAq and LycEtOH were primarily characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, due to determination of chemical composition (total phenol and flavonoid contents). The highest anti-DPPH radical activity was observed for LycAq (IC 50 = 46.56 µg/ml). In comparison with LycAq, less polar LycEtOH showed slightly better ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC 50 = 21.87 µg/ml and IC 50 = 19.28 µg/ml, respectively). However, total phenol contents of both extracts were similar (≈ 2.0 mg GAE/g d.w.). Conversely, modest activities were found against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922 (LycHex, MIC = 3.12 mg/ml) and MCF-7 cells (with the highest one obtained for LycEtOH after 72 h, IC 50 = 367.54 µg/ml and IC 50 = 390.03 µg/ml, MTT and SRB assays, respectively). According to the obtained experimental data, L. perlatum can be considered as a good source of novel and potent natural antioxidants for use in regular diet

Edible mycorrhizal species Lactarius controversus Pers. 1800 as a source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents

The aim of this work was to study chemical profile and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol and water extracts of Lactarius controversus (Pers.) 1800 mushroom species growing in eastern Serbia. The chemical characterization of phenolic compounds performed by HPLC-MS/MS demonstrated the presence of quinic acid among others. Determination of antioxidant activity, including radical scavenging effects on DPPH•, NO•, OH• and SOA radicals and ferric reducing ability was investigated. The highest DPPH radical scavenging effect was obtained for water extract (LcAq) while ethanol extract (LcEtOH) demonstrated the highest FRAP activity. Hexane extract applied in antibacterial assay against three pathogenic strains demonstrated antibacterial effect only against S. aureus ATCC25922. Anti-proliferative properties against estrogen dependent MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines using MTT showed higher activity for ethanolic extract. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 46001 i br. 172058