Data_Sheet_1_COVID-19 hospitalizations and patients' age at admission: The neglected importance of data variability for containment policies.docx

IntroductionAn excess in the daily fluctuation of COVID-19 in hospital admissions could cause uncertainty and delays in the implementation of care interventions. This study aims to characterize a possible source of extravariability in the number of hospitalizations for COVID-19 by considering age at admission as a potential explanatory factor. Age at hospitalization provides a clear idea of the epidemiological impact of the disease, as the elderly population is more at risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Administrative data for the Veneto region, Northern Italy from February 1, 2020, to November 20, 2021, were considered.MethodsAn inferential approach based on quasi-likelihood estimates through the generalized estimation equation (GEE) Poisson link function was used to quantify the overdispersion. The daily variation in the number of hospitalizations in the Veneto region that lagged at 3, 7, 10, and 15 days was associated with the number of news items retrieved from Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) regarding containment interventions to determine whether the magnitude of the past variation in daily hospitalizations could impact the number of preventive policies.ResultsThis study demonstrated a significant increase in the pattern of hospitalizations for COVID-19 in Veneto beginning in December 2020. Age at admission affected the excess variability in the number of admissions. This effect increased as age increased. Specifically, the dispersion was significantly lower in people under 30 years of age. From an epidemiological point of view, controlling the overdispersion of hospitalizations and the variables characterizing this phenomenon is crucial. In this context, the policies should prevent the spread of the virus in particular in the elderly, as the uncontrolled diffusion in this age group would result in an extra variability in daily hospitalizations.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that the overdispersion, together with the increase in hospitalizations, results in a lagged inflation of the containment policies. However, all these interventions represent strategies designed to contain a mechanism that has already been triggered. Further efforts should be directed toward preventive policies aimed at protecting the most fragile subjects, such as the elderly. Therefore, it is essential to implement containment strategies before the occurrence of potentially out-of-control situations, resulting in congestion in hospitals and health services.</p

Overall plot of observed (circles) and predicted values (solid line) of variation of resistin (with 95% confidence bands; dotted lines) according to the before–after change of vitamin C concentrations (end-of-study minus baseline values)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Efficacy of Antioxidant Treatment in Reducing Resistin Serum Levels: A Randomized Study"</p><p>PLoS Clinical Trials 2007;2(5):-.</p><p>Published online 4 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1865087.</p><p> © 2007 Bo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p> Solid black circles represent the experimental group; open grey circles represent the control group

Efficacy of Antioxidant Treatment in Reducing Resistin Serum Levels: A Randomized Study-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Efficacy of Antioxidant Treatment in Reducing Resistin Serum Levels: A Randomized Study"</p><p></p><p>PLoS Clinical Trials 2007;2(5):-.</p><p>Published online 4 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1865087.</p><p> © 2007 Bo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p

For this analysis, all the variables were standardized (mean/overall standard deviation)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Efficacy of Antioxidant Treatment in Reducing Resistin Serum Levels: A Randomized Study"</p><p></p><p>PLoS Clinical Trials 2007;2(5):-.</p><p>Published online 4 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1865087.</p><p> © 2007 Bo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p

Comparative Effectiveness of DPP-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulphonylurea for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Routine Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Multicentre Real-World Study

<p><b>Article full text</b></p><p><br></p><p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>. </b><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13300-018-0452-y">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13300-018-0452-y</a></p><p></p><p><br></p><p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p><p><br></p><p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p><p><br></p><p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p><p><br></p><p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p><p><br></p><p>• Slide decks</p><p>• Videos and animations</p><p>• Audio abstracts</p><p> </p><p>• Audio slides</p> <p><b> </b></p