Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase improves the efficiency of positive selection

We have generated transgenic mice expressing the amino-terminal fragment of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit (p110(ABD)) in thymocytes. Expression of P110(ABD) results in constitutive activation of PI3K and in significant increases in the numbers of mature, single-positive thymocytes. We previously reported that the increase in mature cells was in part due to a defect in thymic emigration. In this study we identify another component to this phenotype. Expression of p110(ABD) results in an enhancement of positive selection, without alterations in thymocyte lifespan or negative selection. Since PI3K can affect activation of Btk, which in turn potentiates calcium fluxes, during B cell development, our results suggest that PI3K could play a role in the regulation of Itk kinases in T cells, and that both cell types share a common signaling network to modulate calcium responses downstream of their antigen receptor

Legal implications of Development Control Rules and Regulations for Buildings in Urban Areas of India

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Llama Failure to Thrive Syndrome

The llama (Lama glama) presents today\u27s veterinarian with all the difficulties and medical uncertainties of treating a new species. Both the rapid increase in their numbers in the United States, and their relatively high monetary values have contributed to their recent significance in veterinary medicine. Complexities encountered by the veterinarian begin with llama anatomy and physiology, both of which are somewhat different \u27from what is seen in common domestic species such as the equine, bovine, or ovine. Thus, it is not surprising that some llama diseases present uniquely and are poorly understood and researched at this time. An important condition which belongs in this category is the failure to thrive syndrome of llamas (FTS)

Thermoelectric Figures of Merit of Zn4Sb3 and Zrnisn-based Half-heusler Compounds Influenced by Mev Ion-beam Bombardments

AbstractSemiconducting β-Zn4Sb3 and ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler compound thin films with applications as thermoelectric (TE) materials were prepared using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). High-purity solid zinc (Zn) and antimony (Sb) were evaporated by electron beam to grow the β-Zn4Sb3 thin film while high-purity zirconium (Zr) powder and nickel (Ni) tin (Sn) powders were evaporated by electron beam to grow the ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler compound thin film. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to analyze the composition of the thin films. The grown thin films were subjected to 5 MeV Si ions bombardment for generation of nanostructures in the films. We measured the thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity of these two systems before and after 5 MeV Si ions beam bombardment. The two material systems have been identified as promising TE materials for the application of thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, but the efficiency still limits their applications. The electronic energy deposited due to ionization in the track of MeV ion beam couldcause localized crystallization. The nanostructures produced by MeV ion beam can cause significant change in both the electrical and the thermal conductivity of thin films, thereby improving the efficiency. We used the 3ω-method (3rd harmonic) measurement system to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity, the van der Pauw measurement system to measure the electrical conductivity, and the Seebeck-coefficient measurement system to measure the cross-plane Seebeck coefficient. The thermoelectric figures of merit of the two material systems were then derived by calculations using the measurement results. The MeV ion-beam bombardment was found to decrease the thermal conductivity of thin films and increase the efficiency of thermal-to-electrical energy conversion

Inkuri Terbimbing Pada Larutan Elektrolit Non-elektrolit Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengkomunikasikan Dan Menyimpulkan

This research aimed to describe the effectiveness of guided inquiry model learning in improving the skills to communicate and conclude on the electrolyte and non-electrolytes solution matery. Subjects were students of class X KA 1 SMTI-SMK Bandar Lampung. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique and derived class X KA 1 as the control class and class X KA 2 as an experimental class. The research used a quasi experimental method with Non-Equivalent (pretest and posttest) Control Group Design. The results showed an average value of n-communicating skills to gain control and experimental classes respectively 0.40 and 0.57 and the average n-Gain skills classes concluded that for the control and experimental respectively 0.70 and 0.79. This suggests that the guided inquiry learning is effective in improving the skills of communicating and concluded. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas model pembelajaran Inkuiri terbimbing dalam meningkatkan keterampilan mengkomunikasikan dan menyimpulkan pada materi larutan elektrolit non-elektrolit. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X KA 1 SMK-SMTI Bandar Lampung. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperole kelas X KA 1 sebagai kelas control dan kelas X KA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan Non Equivalent (Pretest and Posttest) Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata n-Gain mengkomunikasikan untuk kelas kontrol dan eksperimen masing-masing 0,40 dan 0,57 dan rata-rata n-Gain menyimpulkan untuk kelas kontrol dan eksperimen masing-masing 0,70 dan 0,79. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan mengkomunikasikan dan menyimpulkan

Analysis of Iron and Calcium Content in Cookies with Addition of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Flour

Seaweed is an eminent commodity of marine resources that has a complete nutritional content of both macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study was conducted to determine the content of iron and calcium in cookies by adding seaweed as an alternative snack. This study was designed using 4 formulations: P1 (0% seaweed flour addition), P2 (10% seaweed flour addition), P3 (20% seaweed flour addition), and P4 (40% seaweed flour addition). This study used the complete randomized design method, which was then tested for iron and calcium content in seaweed cookies using the AAS method. Organoleptic tests were carried out to determine the most accepted formulation. The results showed that cookies with the addition of 20% seaweed flour have the most accepted organoleptic quality and have a fairly high iron content of 42 ppm and calcium content of 1458.28 ppm so they can be used as an alternative food high in iron and calcium and still have an acceptable taste

Efektivitas Inkuiri Terbimbing Pada Materi Kelarutan Dan Ksp Dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep

The quasi experiment research was conducted at SMAN 1 Bangun Rejo for 2014/2015 academic year by using non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. This research purposed to describe the effectiveness of guided inquiry on the solubility and Ksp topic to increase students' mastery concept with the 11th grade IPA1 and IPA2 as control and experiment class, respectively. The results of this research showed that the average n-Gain of students' mastery concept in control and experimental class were 0.41 and 0.46, respectively. Statistically it can be conduded that guided inquiry learning model on the solubility and Ksp topic was effective to increasing students' mastery concept. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen telah dilakukan di SMAN 1 Bangun Rejo Tahun Akademik 2014/2015 dengan menggunakan desain Non-Equivalent (pretest-postest) control group. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan dalam meningkatkan penguasaan konsep siswa dengan kelas XI IPA1 dan XI IPA2 masing-masing sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata n-Gain penguasaan konsep siswa untuk kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen masing-masing 0,41 dan 0,46. Secara statistik, model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing yang dilakukan pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan konsep sisw