Marine Threats Overlap Key Foraging Habitat for Two Imperiled Sea Turtle Species in the Gulf of Mexico

Effective management of human activities affecting listed species requires understanding both threats and animal habitat-use patterns. However, the extent of spatial overlap between high-use foraging areas (where multiple marine species congregate) and anthropogenic threats is not well-known. Our modeling approach incorporates data on sea turtle spatial ecology and a suite of threats in the Gulf of Mexico to identify and map “hot spots” of threats to two imperiled turtle species. Of all 820 “high” threats grid cells, our tracked turtles foraged at least 1 day in 77% of them. Although threat data were not available outside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, our map of turtle and threat “hot spots” can be incorporated in future more comprehensive threat analyses for the region. Knowledge of these shared foraging- and threat-areas can assist managers charged with designing effective conservation and population recovery strategies, in future habitat modeling efforts, and in designations of Gulf of Mexico habitat with high conservation value

Determining origin in a migratory marine vertebrate: a novel method to integrate stable isotopes and satellite tracking

Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool to track animal movements in both terrestrial and marine environments. These intrinsic markers are assimilated through the diet and may exhibit spatial gradients as a result of biogeochemical processes at the base of the food web. In the marine environment, maps to predict the spatial distribution of stable isotopes are limited, and thus determining geographic origin has been reliant upon integrating satellite telemetry and stable isotope data. Migratory sea turtles regularly move between foraging and reproductive areas. Whereas most nesting populations can be easily accessed and regularly monitored, little is known about the demographic trends in foraging populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine migration patterns of loggerhead nesting aggregations in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where sea turtles have been historically understudied. Two methods of geographic assignment using stable isotope values in known-origin samples from satellite telemetry were compared: (1) a nominal approach through discriminant analysis and (2) a novel continuous-surface approach using bivariate carbon and nitrogen isoscapes (isotopic landscapes) developed for this study. Tissue samples for stable isotope analysis were obtained from 60 satellite-tracked individuals at five nesting beaches within the GoM. Both methodological approaches for assignment resulted in high accuracy of foraging area determination, though each has advantages and disadvantages. The nominal approach is more appropriate when defined boundaries are necessary, but up to 42% of the individuals could not be considered in this approach. All individuals can be included in the continuous-surface approach, and individual results can be aggregated to identify geographic hotspots of foraging area use, though the accuracy rate was lower than nominal assignment. The methodological validation provides a foundation for future sea turtle studies in the region to inexpensively determine geographic origin for large numbers of untracked individuals. Regular monitoring of sea turtle nesting aggregations with stable isotope sampling can be used to fill critical data gaps regarding habitat use and migration patterns. Probabilistic assignment to origin with isoscapes has not been previously used in the marine environment, but the methods presented here could also be applied to other migratory marine species

Economic Impact of Snowmobiling in Utah

The purpose of this study was to estimate statewide and local economic impact resulting from snowmobiling activities in Utah to gain a better understanding of preferences and opinions of Utah snowmobilers. The results will provide valuable information for snowmobiling management. The survey instrument was designed to describe trip behavior, snowmobiling-related trip and annual expenditures, level of satisfaction with Utah snowmobiling opportunities, and demographics. A telephone survey was conducted with randomly selected households with registered snowmobiles during the period from April to June 2000. A 54.5% response rate yielded 373 usable completed questionnaires for data analysis. For economic impact analysis, an input-output model was applied using IMPLANTM software using the Utah Cross Industrial Matrix in 1999. From the survey, statewide trip and annual snowmobiling associated expenditures data were estimated. Then output, value added, employment, income, and tax impacts were estimated using IMPLAN. For trip characteristics, level of satisfaction, and demographics, analyses were made using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The results indicate that average household per trip and annual expenditures were $126 and$2,932, respectively. About $53 million of reported expenditures created$34 million in local output impact. Total output impact was largest in the Wasatch Front and Mountain Lands planning districts and smallest in the Southeast and Uintah Basin. These results also indicate that the most popular snowmobiling area, Hardware Ranch, Monte Cristo, and Logan Canyon area in the Bear River planning district, had not necessarily received a large economic gain. The survey participants were moderately satisfied with snowmobiling facilities and services in Utah. However, there were still needed improvements in facilities and services, especially parking space availability and trail grooming

Climate Change and Ecosystems of Asia With Emphasis on Inner Mongolia and Mongolia

The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Marine Threats Overlap Key Foraging Habitat for Two Imperiled Sea Turtle Species in the Gulf of Mexico

Effective management of human activities affecting listed species requires understanding both threats and animal habitat-use patterns. However, the extent of spatial overlap between high-use foraging areas (where multiple marine species congregate) and anthropogenic threats is not well-known. Our modeling approach incorporates data on sea turtle spatial ecology and a suite of threats in the Gulf of Mexico to identify and map “hot spots” of threats to two imperiled turtle species. Of all 820 “high” threats grid cells, our tracked turtles foraged at least 1 day in 77% of them. Although threat data were not available outside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, our map of turtle and threat “hot spots” can be incorporated in future more comprehensive threat analyses for the region. Knowledge of these shared foraging- and threat-areas can assist managers charged with designing effective conservation and population recovery strategies, in future habitat modeling efforts, and in designations of Gulf of Mexico habitat with high conservation value

「義務教育の段階における普通教育に相当する教育の 機会の確保等に関する法律」施行後の教育的心理支援・ 援助のアプローチに関する検討

文部科学省が不登校の捉え方を変えてから28 年が経つ。その後、不登校者数は増加を続け、現在なお増加している。この背景には、教員の生徒指導力不足、学校教育問題に係る行政施策、不登校児童生徒への支援・援助のあり方、社会の風潮の変化と共に変わってきた保護者の意識等、様々な要因を挙げることできる。本論文では、スクールカウンセラー及び不登校ひきこもりの訪問相談を専門とする開善塾教育相談研究所の立場から、教員に不可欠な〈教育相談力〉とはどうあるべきかを検討する。方法は、筆者らが関わった事例分析を通して、不登校児童生徒をいかに学校復帰させ、一人一人の進路保障や社会的自立・自己実現をかなえていくかを検討する

Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) diving changes with productivity, behavioral mode, and sea surface temperature.

The relationship between dive behavior and oceanographic conditions is not well understood for marine predators, especially sea turtles. We tagged loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) with satellite-linked depth loggers in the Gulf of Mexico, where there is a minimal amount of dive data for this species. We tested for associations between four measurements of dive behavior (total daily dive frequency, frequency of dives to the bottom, frequency of long dives and time-at-depth) and both oceanographic conditions (sea surface temperature [SST], net primary productivity [NPP]) and behavioral mode (inter-nesting, migration, or foraging). From 2011-2013 we obtained 26 tracks from 25 adult female loggerheads tagged after nesting in the Gulf of Mexico. All turtles remained in the Gulf of Mexico and spent about 10% of their time at the surface (10% during inter-nesting, 14% during migration, 9% during foraging). Mean total dive frequency was 41.9 times per day. Most dives were ≤ 25 m and between 30-40 min. During inter-nesting and foraging, turtles dived to the bottom 95% of days. SST was an important explanatory variable for all dive patterns; higher SST was associated with more dives per day, more long dives and more dives to the seafloor. Increases in NPP were associated with more long dives and more dives to the bottom, while lower NPP resulted in an increased frequency of overall diving. Longer dives occurred more frequently during migration and a higher proportion of dives reached the seafloor during foraging when SST and NPP were higher. Our study stresses the importance of the interplay between SST and foraging resources for influencing dive behavior

不登校児童生徒を対象とした宿泊体験活動の心理教育的援助サービスと教育的意義に関する研究

兵庫県立但馬やまびこの郷は公的教育相談機関であり、不登校児童生徒の宿泊体験活動のプログラム（4 泊5 日）を有するユニークな施設である。この先駆けとなる不登校児童生徒の宿泊体験活動を合宿として取り組んできたのが開善塾教育相談研究所である。本論文では、開善塾教育相談研究所がこれまでに取り組んできた合宿に注目し、家庭から合宿参加までどのように不登校生徒をつなぎ、どのような効果を機能させているのかについて検討した。研究方法はエスノグラフィーにより、参与観察者は第2 筆者及び第1 筆者である。分析の結果、参加者の多くは、リアルな生活における様々な体験活動をとおして自信を高め、自尊感情をはぐくむ効果が見られた