Kinematical Analysis of Forehand and Backhand Smash in Badminton

In badminton, it demands excellent physical fitness and good motor coordination for the development ofsophisticated racquet movement. This study aims at identifying the difference of forehand and back handsmash performed by elite male badminton players during North-Zone intervarsity at A.M.U, Aligarh2009-2010. The parameters to study were focused on upper arm, forearm and wrist segments. SiliconCoach Pro-7 motion analysis software and two legria Canon SF-10 cameras system were used to recordand analyze the performance of the subjects. Six male participants served as the subjects. Results of thestudy shows that there is no significant differences exist between forehand and back hand smash inbadminton player as flight angle, shoulder angle, elbow angle and angular velocity of wrist joint. Whereassignificance differences exist between forehand and back hand smash in badminton players as shuttlevelocity, contact height, racket angle, wrist angle, angular velocity of shoulder joint and elbow joints.Appropriate coaching cues are devised to assist coaches and players in assessing and improvingperformance.Keywords: badminton, biomechanics, power strokes, joint action

Javelin Throwing Technique: A Biomechanical Study

The purpose of this study was to analyze by correlational methods the biomechanical factors involved in achieving the maximal distance thrown in the javelin event. Six athlete from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India were filmed by a two high speed Canon Legaria SF-10, 8.1 Mp cameras in a field setting with (1/2000 shutter speed and at 30-60fps). The cameras were set-up on a rigid tripod and secured to the floor in the location. First camera was located to obtain maximum accuracy and second camera located to view the throwing performances, at given specified distance in the reconstruction of the two dimensional co-ordinate. The locations of camera were chosen so that the optical axes of camera intersected perpendicularly to the designated plane. Results of this study shows positive significant correlation was found between the throwing distance and the initial velocity, insignificant correlations were found between the throw distance and the release angle, attitude angle, attack angle and release height of javelin at the moment of javelin release. The results suggest that in order to attain maximal distance thrown the javelin thrower should achieve positive acceleration during the running approach, effective thrusting with the right leg on the penultimate stride and carry the javelin during the last strides at the optimal angle of release.Keywords: Javelin, Mechanics, Trajectory, Kinematics,body segmen

Biomechanical Analysis of Cricket Ball Throwing Techniques

This research article looks at the kinematic features of different throwing techniques (under-arm, side-arm and over-head) with particular emphasis on the techniques of throwing in cricket. The technique is subdivided into: (1) Wind up phase, (2) late cocking Phase and (3) arm acceleration phases. The study was used to form the samples as, sixty (60) elite cricket players. The mean age of the cricket players were (21.82±3.08) years, height  (62.38±7.22cm), weight (168.07±6.68kg). Each throwing techniques successful attempt for throwing distances 30m with 450 approach angle at 450, 900 and 1800 target angle from the stump were recorded using Canon Legaria SF-10, 8.1 Mp cameras in a field setting with (1/2000 shutter speed and at 30-60fps). The cameras were set-up on a rigid tripod and secured to the floor in the location. First camera was located to obtain maximum accuracy and second camera located to view the throwing performances, at given specified distance in the reconstruction of the two dimensional co-ordinate. The location of camera were chosen so that the optical axes of camera intersected perpendicularly to the designated plane .The accuracy of throwing performances were considered in identify the footage for addition and were subjected to analysis. Result revealed that the significant mean difference were found among different throwing kinematics as well as ball velocity and accuracy and the ball speed had to be high to carry the full distance of the throw in the shortest time

Chemically cross-linked poly(acrylic-co-vinylsulfonic) acid hydrogel for the delivery of isosorbide mononitrate.

We report synthesis, characterization, and drug release attributes of a series of novel pH-sensitive poly(acrylic-co-vinylsulfonic) acid hydrogels. These hydrogels were prepared by employing free radical polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and benzyl peroxide (BPO) as cross-linker and initiator, respectively. Effect of acrylic acid (AA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), and EGDMA on prepared hydrogels was investigated. All formulations showed higher swelling at high pHs and vice versa. Formulations containing higher content of AA and EGDMA show reduced swelling, but one with higher content of PVSA showed increased swelling. Hydrogel network was characterized by determining structural parameters and loaded with isosorbide mononitrate. FTIR confirmed absence of drug polymer interaction while DSC and TGA demonstrated molecular dispersion of drug in a thermally stable polymeric network. All the hydrogel formulations exhibited a pH dependent release of isosorbide mononitrate which was found to be directly proportional to pH of the medium and PVSA content and inversely proportional to the AA contents. Drug release data were fitted to various kinetics models. Results indicated that release of isosorbide mononitrate from poly(AA-co-VSA) hydrogels was non-Fickian and that the mechanism was diffusion-controlled

Aspergillosis of the Sphenoid Sinus with the Involvement of the Clivus

Introduction: Fungal infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses are frequent in this part of the world. One aspect of the increased frequency is the improved clinical, radiological and pathological diagnostic methods that are now available. Aspergillus is the commonest infecting fungus of the nose and the paranasal sinus1 . It is mainly a saprophytic spore producing fungus and can cause invasive and non-invasive infections. The initial report of fungal paranasal infection largely dealt with immunocompromised individuals as distinct from the allergic fungal infection. Aspergillosis confined to the sphenoid sinus is uncommon with only 34 cases having been reported in the literature2,3. These were mostly seen in immunosuppressed patients. Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is uncommon and that due to fungal infection is rare4 . We report the case of aspergillosis of the sphenoid siiius where disease had extended into the upper part of the clivus bone

A Comparison of Selected Biomechanical Parameters of Spike Serves between Intervarsity and Intercollegiate Volleyball Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the selected biomechanical parameters of spike service between intervarsity and intercollegiate level volleyball players. Twelve (6 Intervarsity and 6 Intercollegiate level) male volleyball players were selected as the subjects for this study from Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. The mean age, height, body weight, arm length and leg length of intervarsity players were 22.25 years (SD 0.94), 178.33 cm (1.06), 69.67kg (1.29), 59.74 cm (1.05) and 87.74 (1.73) respectively, whereas intercollegiate players were 21.92 years (SD 0.66), 173.56 cm (1.65), 67.50 kg (1.38), 57.17 (1.25) and 86.32 (1.83) respectively. All subjects were right-handed volleyball players. The players were allowed to have warm-up and trials. Each subject was asked to do the spike service. Five services were recorded from one side of the body with a high speed camcorder (Canon Legria HF S10) operating at 1/2000 with a frame rate of 60 frames per second. Data were collected from the movement onset until the ball crosses the net (successful). The camcorder was placed on a tripod at the height of 6 feet on the right angle of the subjects at a distance of 12 meters away to the side-line. Recorded data were digitized with the help of Silicon Coach Pro7 motion analysis software. The selected kinematics variables were ball height, jump height, hand velocity and ball velocity. The other segmental angles were also be studied in this study those were ankle angle, knee angle, hip angle, shoulder angle, elbow angle and wrist angle. The t-test was used for statistical analysis of the data by using SPSS-18 version software. The results revealed that insignificant difference exits between intervarsity and intercollegiate level male volleyball players in the spike serve performance

Comparative Bibliometric Analysis of Six Health Science Journals Published in Pakistan 2006-2015

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the growth of research published in following six e-journals published from Pakistan during the period of 2006-2015. 1). Journal Surgery of Pakistan, 2). Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 3). Pakistan Pediatric Journal, 4). Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, 5). Pakistan Heart Journal and 6). Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences. Methodology: The data of published items of all targeted six Pakistani medical journals were downloaded from their respective websites and saved the required information in Microsoft Excel Sheet during January to May 2018 for statistical analysis. Number of published items, authors, gender-wise segregation of authors and authorship pattern were calculated. Results: Total 2133 research items published in 230 issues of six e-journals during 2006-2015 with an average of 9.27 articles per issue, 7949 authors contributed their research with an average of 3.72 authors per papers. Gender-wise distribution of authors showed that majority of authors (n=6022; 75.7%) were male while female authors counted 1921 (24.1%). Gender-wise distribution of first author revealed that the share of female authors were 28.2%. Bulk of research (n=1951; 91.4%) were produced by collaborative efforts. Conclusion: It is concluded that surgery and allied specialties is the preferred area of research and there is need to conduct more research on cardiology. Most of the papers were written in collaborative efforts and three authors pattern was found most favorit

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Bibliometric Assessment from 1998-2012.

Background: Bibliometric assessment of journal literature helps the policy makers to formulate policies regarding the related subject and to know the latest trends of publications. The pharmaceutical sciences are combination of various academics fields and technologies of pharmaceutical products related to design, action, delivery and nature of drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the research productivity of Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PJPS). Research Methods: This is retrospective study on research items published in PJPS during 1998 – 2012 carried out at Libraries of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia during March to September 2017. The data was collected from the website of respective journal. Spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel was prepared for statistical analysis. Results: PJPS published 722 articles contributed by 2504 authors with an average of 4.06 authors per article during the years 1998 – 2012. Male authors (67%) were dominated in writing research items. Majority of articles (97%) were written by multi-authors, single author share was very small (3%). Pharmacognosy found to be the most preferred area of research. The contribution from the researchers of 32 countries produced 329 (45.5%) articles revealed that the journal has international recognition. Conclusion: PJPS creates a credible place for imparting the knowledge of pharmaceutical sciences research from all around the world, providing a platform to scientists and researchers to share their information to another one for saving a life

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Bibliometric Assessment from 1998-2012.

Background: Bibliometric assessment of journal literature helps the policy makers to formulate policies regarding the related subject and to know the latest trends of publications. The pharmaceutical sciences are combination of various academics fields and technologies of pharmaceutical products related to design, action, delivery and nature of drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the research productivity of Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PJPS). Research Methods: This is retrospective study on research items published in PJPS during 1998 – 2012 carried out at Libraries of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia during March to September 2017. The data was collected from the website of respective journal. Spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel was prepared for statistical analysis. Results: PJPS published 722 articles contributed by 2504 authors with an average of 4.06 authors per article during the years 1998 – 2012. Male authors (67%) were dominated in writing research items. Majority of articles (97%) were written by multi-authors, single author share was very small (3%). Pharmacognosy found to be the most preferred area of research. The contribution from the researchers of 32 countries produced 329 (45.5%) articles revealed that the journal has international recognition. Conclusion: PJPS creates a credible place for imparting the knowledge of pharmaceutical sciences research from all around the world, providing a platform to scientists and researchers to share their information to another one for saving a life