Evaluation of Stoichiometry, Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Acetaminophen-Zn (II) complex at Different Temperatures

Acetaminophen also known as paracetamol, is a drug used in the treatment of pain and fever. It is essentially used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. The presence of phenol and carbonyl oxygen atom enables acetaminophen to behave as a bidentate ligand. The stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs free energies of acetaminophen-Zn (II) were determined colorimetrically at 25 and 40 oC using continuous variation and mole  ratio methods. The formation of Zn (II) complex with acetaminophen was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 630 nm at different temperatures. The data showed that Zn (II) and acetaminophen combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 2.70 x 103 and 2.20 x 103 using continuous variation method and 7.21 x 103 and 7.21 x 103 using mole ratio methods at 25 and 40 oC respectively. Calculated ΔGƟ for the complex were - 1.96 x 104 and -1.98 x 104 J using continuous variation method and -2.2 x 104 J and - 2.31 x 104 J using mole ratio method at 25 and 40 oC respectively. The stability constant and Gibbs free energy results suggested that acetaminophen used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Zn (II) overload or poisoning. Keywords: Acetaminophen, Zinc, complex, stability constant, Gibbs free energy

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Ethanol Extract of Combretum hispidum (Laws) (Combretaceae) Root

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(3): 325-337 Authors: O.V. Ikpeazu, *Ifeanyi. E. Otuokere and K. K. IgweReceived 20 May 2020/Accepted 23 June 2020 Knowledge of bioactive components of a given plant materia; is essential in furnishing information on possible applications. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify bioactive components in ethanol extract of Combretum hispidum roots using GCMS analysis. Results obtained from GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of Combretum hispidum roots indicated the presence of benzoic acid N'-(4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-3-oxo-1-phenylhex-1-enyl)-hydrazide, 1-(4-methyl-6-methoxy-2-quinolyl)-3,3'-dimethyl-(4,5'-bipyrazol)-5-ol, trans-1,2-Diphenyl-1-chloro-2-methylthio-ethene, 3-acetyl-3-demethylthiocolchicine, 1-anthracenecarboxaldehyde, 5,8,8a,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-10a-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-6-(4-methyl-, 1H-benzimidazole, 2-(2,2- dimethylpropyl)-, 1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one, 5- hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-6-nitro-, bis(ditrifluoromethyldiphosphino)sulfide, benzeneethenylamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-N-isopropyl-, voachalotine oxindole, acetate (ester), ethanone, 1-(3-chloro-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiin-2-yl)-, benzenetridecanoic acid, 3-chloro-4-methoxy-, 3-methoxy-2-(9-methyldecyl)-5-(4- methylpentyl)phenyl ester, ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-5- oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate, N-(4- bromophenylsulfonyl)aziridine-2,2-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester, 1,3,5-triazin-2-amine, N,Ndihexyl-4,6-bis(2-naphthalenylthio)-, 1[5'- (hydroxymethyl)furfuryl] pyrrolidine, terephthalic acid, butyl cycloheptyl ester, 1H-pyrazole, 4,5- dihydro-1,3-diphenyl-, succinic acid, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl 1-cyclopentylethyl ester. Each of the identified compounds in the extract have been documented to exhibit active pharmaceutical/medicinal activities. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds support the use of C. hispidum roots in the treatment of diseases like cancer, anaphylactic shock, renal failure, diabetes and hypertension

GC–MS Analysis of Ethanol Leaves Extract of Solanum Americana

GC-MS analysis was carried out in order to investigate the phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of Solanum americana  leaves. The structural formula of the phytochemicals of  S. americana  leaves were determined by analysing of the spectra of GC-MS using the reference standard of National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). GC-MS analysis of S. americana leaves showed the presence of eighteen bioactive compounds. The compounds are 4-(5-(2-Naphthoxy)pentylthio)-5-chloro-uracil, propanamide, 2-(dimethylamino)-N-[2-methyl-1-[[3,3a,12,13,14,15,16,16a-octahydro-8-methoxy-13,16-dioxo-14, 4-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitropyrazole, 1,2-Benzenediol, o-octanoyl-o'-(thiophen-2-acetyl), 7H-1,4-Dioxino[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one, 2,3-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy, benzoic acid, p-(cyclohexyloxy)-, 3-(2-methylpiperidino)propyl ester, quinoline, 6,6'-[2,6-naphthalenediyldi-2,1-ethenediyl]bis[1-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro,   2,5,8,9,11-Pentaacetoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro(4H)benzofuro[2,3-g]-1-benzopyran-4,2'(5'H)-furan]-5'-one, 4-(d-Xylosyloxy)-6,7-dimethoxy-9-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one, benzenamine, N,N-didodecyl-4-nitro, 1-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone, O,O'-bis(trimethylsilyl), d-Glucopyranoside, 1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-7-(methoxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran-1,5-diyl[bis-, 2,2',3,3',4,4',6,6',   5,12-Naphthacenedione, 6,8,10,11-tetrakis(acetyloxy)-8-[(acetyloxy)acetyl]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-methoxy, salicylic acid, monoanhydride with 1-butaneboronic acid, cyclic ester,   tetrabenzo[e,i,o,s][1,4,7,11,14,18]dithiatetraazacycloeicosine, 11,12,13,14,26,27-hexahydro,  6-Chloro-2-(3,5-diphenyl-pyrazol-2-yl)-benzothiazole,  (23S,24S,25S)-26,26-dichloro-23-ethyl-6_-methoxy-3_,5:24,26-dicyclocholestane,  9H-Carbazole-9-carboxaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) and 2,4-cyclopentadiene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, 5-(4-bromo-2-quinolinyl)-, tetramethyl ester. It was concluded that the phytocompounds support the use of S. americana leaves for the management of pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and osteoarthriti