Photochemical reactions of intra-and intermolecularly hydrogen bonded compounds

Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 2851, 2002.3.25Includes bibliographical reference

Spinal Deformity and the Musculoskeletal Cohort Study of the General Older Population

Article信州医学雑誌 69(3) : 111-120(2021)departmental bulletin pape

Lactams. VI. Synthesis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of 1-Aralkyl-3-methyl- and -5-methyl-2(1H)-pyridones

The alkaline ferricyanide oxidation of the quaternary pyridinium salts (Ia-g) furnished pairs of the isomeric 2-pyridones (IIa-g) and 6-pyridones (IIIa-g) in good total yields. In all cases, the oxidation at the 2-position was much favored over that at the 6-position. The effect of the aryl group in the N-aralkyl chain on the orientation of the oxidation seemed to be negligibly small regardless of the number of the methylene groups separating the aryl group from the nitrogen. The extent of the 6-oxidation was slightly increased as the alkyl group at the 3-position was changed from the methyl to the ethyl group. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these pyridones were measured in deuteriochloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene-d_6. On the basis of the results summarized in Tables III-VI, the effects of the aryl group and the number of the methylene groups in the N-substituent on the chemical shifts for the pyridone-ring and neighboring group protons are discussed

Quinolizidines. I. : Quaternization of the Quinolizidine System : Effect of β, γ-Unsaturation on Stereoselectivity in Methiodide Formation

Quaternization of benzo [a] quinolizidine (Ib) with methyl iodide gave a 3.6 : 1 mixture of the cis- (IIb : X=I) and the trans-methiodide (IIIb : X=I). The 9,10-dimethoxy derivative (Ia) also gave the corresponding cis- (IIa : X=I) and trans-methiodide (IIIa : X=I) in a ratio of 3.3 to 1. Treatment of enamines Va, b with methyl iodide furnished the N-methylated product (VIa, b) and the C-methylated product (VIIa, b) in a ratio of 1.2 : 1. Catalytic hydrogenation of VIa, b produced a mixture of the cis- (IIa, b) and the trans-methosalt (IIIa, b) in a rough ratio of 2.8 : 1,whereas that of VIIa, b gave the 1-methylated benzo [a] quinolizidine (VIIIa, b). Compound VIIIa was alternatively prepared from piperidone IX by the Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and subsequent hydrogenation. In the case of the simple quinolizidine system with the simplest β, γ-unsaturation (XV), the quaternization with methyl iodide produced the cis- (XVI) and the trans-methiodide (XVII) almost equally. Repetition of the known methiodide formation of XXVI and hydrogenation of enamine methiodide XIX confirmed their reported high stereoselectivity, and factors responsible for the difference in stereoselectivity between these reactions of the β, γ-unsaturated system and the saturated system have been discussed. At 250° the cis-methiodides (IIa, b, XX) isomerized to the corresponding trans-fused salts (IIIa, b, XXI) to some extent and one may roughly compare the susceptibilities of IIa, IIb, and XX, which decrease in that order

Identification and characterization of an oocyte factor required for development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.

Nuclear reprogramming of differentiated cells can be induced by oocyte factors. Despite numerous attempts, these factors and mechanisms responsible for successful reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we identify one such factor, necessary for the development of nuclear transfer embryos, using porcine oocyte extracts in which some reprogramming events are recapitulated. After incubating somatic nuclei in oocyte extracts from the metaphase II stage, the oocyte proteins that were specifically and abundantly incorporated into the nuclei were identified by mass spectrometry. Among 25 identified proteins, we especially focused on a multifunctional protein, DJ-1. DJ-1 is present at a high concentration in oocytes from the germinal vesicle stage until embryos at the four-cell stage. Inhibition of DJ-1 function compromises the development of nuclear transfer embryos but not that of fertilized embryos. Microarray analysis of nuclear transfer embryos in which DJ-1 function is inhibited shows perturbed expression of P53 pathway components. In addition, embryonic arrest of nuclear transfer embryos injected with anti-DJ-1 antibody is rescued by P53 inhibition. We conclude that DJ-1 is an oocyte factor that is required for development of nuclear transfer embryos. This study presents a means for identifying natural reprogramming factors in mammalian oocytes and a unique insight into the mechanisms underlying reprogramming by nuclear transfer

Myxopapillary Ependymoma of the Cauda Equina in a 5-Year-Old Boy

Myxopapillary ependymoma in childhood typically occurs in the central nervous system. There are few surgical cases of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in children. We report a case of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in a 5-year-old boy, who presented with leg pain and abnormal gait. Subtotal resection surgery was performed. Following the subtotal tumor resection, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed a recurrent tumor. As a result, we performed a second subtotal tumor resection and followed with postoperative radiation therapy. No further evidence of the disease has been noted elsewhere in the patient in over ten years of follow-up. Myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina in a young boy was improved by subtotal tumor resection and postoperative radiation therapy

Comparison of Spinous Process-Splitting Laminectomy versus Conventional Laminectomy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Study DesignSeventy-five patients who had been treated for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were reviewed retrospectively.PurposeInvasion into the paravertebral muscle can cause major problems after laminectomy for LSS. To address these problems, we performed spinous process-splitting laminectomy. We present a comparative study of decompression of LSS using 2 approaches.Overview of LiteratureThere are no other study has investigated the lumbar spinal instability after spinous process-splitting laminectomy.MethodsThis study included 75 patients who underwent laminectomy for the treatment of LSS and who were observed through follow-ups for more than 2 years. Fifty-five patients underwent spinous process-splitting laminectomy (splitting group) and 20 patients underwent conventional laminectomy (conventional group). We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of each surgical procedure.ResultsJapanese Orthopaedic Association score improved significantly in both groups two years postoperatively. The following values were all significantly lower, as shown with p-values, in the splitting group compared to the conventional group: average operating time (p=0.002), postoperative C-reactive protein level (p=0.006), the mean postoperative number of days until returning to normal body temperature (p=0.047), and the mean change in angulation 2 years postoperatively (p=0.007). The adjacent segment degeneration occurred in 6 patients (10.9%) in the splitting group and 11 patients (55.0%) in the conventional group.ConclusionsIn this study, the spinous process-splitting laminectomy was shown to be less invasive and more stable for patients with LSS, compared to the conventional laminectomy

Mini Open Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Comparison of Large Tubular and TrimLine Retractors

Study DesignRetrospective chart review.PurposeA comparison of mini open foraminotomy (MOF) for cervical radiculopathy using either large tubular (LT) or TrimLine (TL) retractors.Overview of LiteraturePosterior foraminotomy relieves compression of the cervical nerve root in radiculopathy patients. However, invasion of the paravertebral muscle may cause major problems in these patients. To address these problems, we performed MOF.MethodsTwenty cervical radiculopathy patients (16 male and 4 female) who underwent MOF between May 2004 and August 2011 were assigned to LT and TL groups. Each group contained 10 subjects. Surgical and clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsThe average operating time in the TL group was significantly shorter than that in the LT group. The final follow-up mean neck disability indices significantly improved compared to the preoperative values (LT group, 12.0±7.8 vs. 28.0±9.4; TL group, 6.0±5.9 vs. 21.9±10). The final follow-up neck pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores also decreased significantly from the preoperative of 8.0±1.5 and 2.5±2.5 to the final follow-up values of 2.2±2.2 and 1.0±2.5 in the LT and TL groups, respectively. The recovery rate for the neck pain VAS score was 70.0±31.9 in the LT group and 87.0±32.0 in the TL group, thus suggesting no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsMOF with the TL retractor is an easy and safe procedure. Furthermore, the use of the TL retractor allows for a minimally invasive and effective surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy patients