インプラント関連感染症に対するヨウ素含有チタン酸カルシウムの生体活性及び抗菌性

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24479号医博第4921号新制||医||1062(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 安達 泰治, 教授 別所 和久, 教授 長尾 美紀学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

The Political Situation of the Tujue(突厥) until the Beginning of the 7th century : An Analysis of the Chiefs and their Districts

Analyzing where the chiefs of the Tujue (突厥) were stationed until the beginning of the 7th century in consideration of the relations between the Tujue and the Tiele (鉄勒), the conclusions drawn are as follows.The Tiele, which the Tujue conquered in the first war against foreign countries, reinforced the Tujue\u27s army.Under the reign of Yandu (燕都) the chiefs appear in the Tujue.Until the reign of Tuobo-kehan (佗鉢可汗) the Tujue consisted of the eastern, the central and the western district.Though the chiefs were stationed in the Tujue, they were not independent of the Da-kehan (大可汗) clearly.Since the reign of Shetu (摂図) the central government was uniting with the eastern and the northern district (北方) controlling the Tiele was appearing.Moreover The relation between the western and the central government was deteriorating.After Daluobian (大邏便) ran to the west the Tujue consisted of the central-eastern, the northern and the western district.The situation that three Da-kehans were equal in the form of accession to the throne toward the end of the 6th century was based on that structure.Simo (思摩) was a Da-kehan of the three.It is quite possible that Simo\u27s district Qibei (磧北) faced the Tiele in the northern district and that he controlled the Tiele as Rangan (染干) did.At the beginning of the Daye (大業) period Rangan was in the south of Mongolia and Daman (達漫) in the western district.The Tiele tribes governed by the Tujue before then had their own Da-kehan.The former territory of Tujue\u27s divided into three, the government of Rangan in south Mongolia, the independent government of the Tiele, and the western district

Isolated gestational proteinuria preceding the diagnosis of preeclampsia : an observational study

Introduction. Some pregnant women develop significant proteinuria in the absence of hypertension. However, clinical significance of isolated gestational proteinuria (IGP) is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IGP in singleton pregnancies and the proportion of women with IGP who subsequently developed preeclampsia (IGP-PE) among all PE cases. Material and methods. This was an observational study of 6819 women with singleton pregnancies at 12 centers, including 938 women with at least once determination of protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/Cr). Significant proteinuria in pregnancy (SPIP) was defined as P/Cr (mg/mg) level >0.27. IGP was defined as SPIP in the absence of hypertension. Gestational hypertension (GH) preceding preeclampsia (GH-PE) was defined as preeclampsia (PE) in which GH preceded SPIP. Simultaneous PE (S-PE) was defined as PE in which both SPIP and hypertension occurred simultaneously. Results. IGP and PE were diagnosed in 130 (1.9%) and 158 (2.3%) of 6819 women, respectively. Of 130 women with IGP, 32 (25%) progressed to PE and accounted for 20% of all women with PE. Hence, women with IGP had a relative risk of 13.1 (95% CI; 9.2-18.5) for developing PE compared with those without IGP [25% (32/130) vs. 1.9% (126/6689)]. At diagnosis of SPIP, P/Cr levels already exceeded 1.0 more often in women with S-PE than in those with IGP-PE [67% (33/49) vs. 44% (14/32), respectively, p = 0.031]. Conclusions. IGP is a risk factor for PE, and IGP-PE accounts for a considerable proportion (20%) of all PE

Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone

Sulfonation and applications of amorphous calcium phosphate are known to make polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bioactive. Sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (AN-treatment) may provide PEEK with further bone-bonding strength. Herein, we prepared a carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK (CPEEK) with similar tensile strength to cortical bone and a CPEEK subjected to AN-treatment (CPEEK-AN). The effect of AN-treatment on the bone-bonding strength generated at the interface between the rabbit’s tibia and a base material was investigated using a detaching test at two time-points (4 and 8 weeks). At 4 weeks, the strength of CPEEK-AN was significantly higher than that of CPEEK due to the direct bonding between the interfaces. Between 4 and 8 weeks, the different bone forming processes showed that, with CPEEK-AN, bone consolidation was achieved, thus improving bone-bonding strength. In contrast, with CPEEK, a new bone was absorbed mainly on the interface, leading to poor strength. These observations were supported by an in vitro study, which showed that pre-osteoblast on CPEEK-AN caused earlier maturation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix than on CPEEK. Consequently, AN-treatment, comprising a combination of two efficient treatments, generated a synergetic effect on the bonding strength of CPEEK

Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20–89 years: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan

Background The locomotive syndrome risk test was developed to quantify the decrease in mobility among adults, which could eventually lead to disability. The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test for adults and investigate the influence of age and sex. Methods We analyzed 8681 independent community dwellers (3607 men, 5074 women). Data pertaining to locomotive syndrome risk test (the two-step test, the stand-up test, and the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale [GLFS-25]) scores were collected from seven administrative areas of Japan. Results The reference values of the three test scores were generated and all three test scores gradually decreased among young-to-middle-aged individuals and rapidly decreased in individuals aged over 60 years. The stand-up test score began decreasing significantly from the age of 30 years. The trajectories of decrease in the two-step test score with age was slightly different between men and women especially among the middle-aged individuals. The two physical test scores were more sensitive to aging than the self-reported test score. Conclusion The reference values generated in this study could be employed to determine whether an individual has mobility comparable to independent community dwellers of the same age and sex

Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment strategies in early gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Both endoscopic and surgical approaches are employed in the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to establish appropriate treatment strategies for early gastric cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively examined clinicopathological data of EGC patients who had undergone surgery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 327 patients (204 males and 123 females, mean age 63.2 years) were eligible for inclusion in the study. The median follow-up period was 31 months. Of 161 mucosal (pT1a) tumors, 87 were mainly undifferentiated and 110 had an undifferentiated component. Four patients with pT1a tumors had lymph node metastases; all these tumors were signet-ring cell carcinomas and were macroscopic type 0-IIc with ulceration, and only one of them had lymphatic invasion. Among patients with submucosal tumors, four of 43 patients with pT1b1 tumors and 37 of 123 patients with pT1b2 tumors had nodal metastases. Lymph node metastases were significantly higher in mixed undifferentiated type group than differentiated type group for both groups, pT1a-pT1b1 (p = 0.0251) and pT1b2 (p = 0.0430) subgroups. Only four of 45 patients with nodal metastases were diagnosed preoperatively by computed tomography (sensitivity 8.9%, specificity 96.2%). Nine patients with pT1b tumors had recurrence after surgery, and died. The sites of initial recurrence were liver, bone, peritoneum, distant nodes, and the surgical anastomosis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The incidence of nodal metastases was approximately 5% in undifferentiated type mucosal (pT1a) tumors, and higher in submucosal (pT1b) tumors. The sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of nodal metastases in EGC using computed tomography was relatively low in this study. Therefore at present surgery with adequate lymphadenectomy should be performed as curative treatment for undifferentiated type EGC.</p

Ganglioside GM3 Has an Essential Role in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that principally attacks synovial joints, afflicts over 2 million people in the United States. Interleukin (IL)-17 is considered to be a master cytokine in chronic, destructive arthritis. Levels of the ganglioside GM3, one of the most primitive glycosphingolipids containing a sialic acid in the structure, are remarkably decreased in the synovium of patients with RA. Based on the increased cytokine secretions observed in in vitro experiments, GM3 might have an immunologic role. Here, to clarify the association between RA and GM3, we established a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model using the null mutation of the ganglioside GM3 synthase gene. GM3 deficiency exacerbated inflammatory arthritis in the mouse model of RA. In addition, disrupting GM3 induced T cell activation in vivo and promoted overproduction of the cytokines involved in RA. In contrast, the amount of the GM3 synthase gene transcript in the synovium was higher in patients with RA than in those with osteoarthritis. These findings indicate a crucial role for GM3 in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Control of glycosphingolipids such as GM3 might therefore provide a novel therapeutic strategy for RA

Strength reduction mechanism of cement-treated soil under seawater environment

Improving soft grounds with cement or lime is commonly used to increase their strength and deformation characteristics. However, the properties of cement/lime-treated soil deteriorate in seawater because magnesium salts accelerate calcium leaching. In this study, changes in the unconfined compressive strength of cement-treated soil samples with various water contents, amounts of added cement, and curing times were investigated after immersion in a highly concentrated Mg solution. Subsequently, a thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the strength reduction mechanism based on the changes in the hydrate composition as the cement-treated soil deteriorated. The results indicate that the cement-treated soil lost more than 80% of its strength after immersion in the Mg solution. The initial conditions strongly influenced the strength of the deteriorated soil, and higher strength was observed in the samples with larger amounts of added cement and longer curing times. Furthermore, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and ettringite were not present in the deteriorated soil, implying the presence of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H). Therefore, it was postulated that the loss in strength of the cement-treated soil in a seawater environment was caused by the transformation of C-S-H to M-S-H