9 research outputs found
Metabolic syndrome, the leptin gene and kidney disease in non-diabetic black South Africans
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-256).Obesity is a worldwide problem and is a factor in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and kidney disease through the development of obesity-related hypertension and neurohormonal mechanisms that include the action of leptin. As there appear to be no focussed studies that have looked at the association of the LEP gene with kidney disease phenotypes or cardiovascular disease markers like hypertension, the metabolic syndrome and obesity, and especially so in native black Africans, this study sought to establish an association between the obesity gene (LEP) and kidney disease phenotypes (independent of diabetes and hypertension) in a homogenous black African population
Blood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State South Eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approach
Background: Developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face a double burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
and communicable diseases. As high blood pressure (BP) is a common global cardiovascular (CV) disorder associated with
high morbidity and mortality, the relationship between gradients of BP and other CV risk factors was assessed in Abia State,
Nigeria.
Methods: Using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of chronic disease risk factors, we conducted a populationbased
cross-sectional survey in Abia state, Nigeria from August 2011 to March 2012. Data collected at various steps
included: demographic and behavioral risk factors (Step 1); BP and anthropometric measurements (Step 2), and fasting
blood cholesterol and glucose (Step 3).
Results: Of the 2983 subjects with complete data for analysis, 52.1% were females and 53.2% were rural dwellers. Overall,
the distribution of selected CV disease risk factors was diabetes (3.6%), hypertension (31.4%), cigarette smoking (13.3%), use
of smokeless tobacco (4.8%), physical inactivity (64.2%) and being overweight or obese (33.7%). Presence of hypertension,
excessive intake of alcohol, smoking (cigarette and smokeless tobacco) and physical inactivity occurred more frequently in
males than in females (p,0.05); while low income, lack of any formal education and use of smokeless tobacco were seen
more frequently in rural dwellers than in those living in urban areas (p,0.05). The frequency of selected CV risk factors
increased as BP was graded from optimal, normal to hypertension; and high BP correlated with age, gender, smokeless
tobacco, overweight or obesity, annual income and level of education.
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of hypertension in this part of Nigeria, there is an urgent need to focus on the
reduction of preventable CV risk factors we have observed to be associated with hypertension, in order to effectively reduce
the burden of NCDs in Africa.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073403IS
Regression analysis for hypertension and NCD risk factors in Abia state Nigeria.
<p>B β Unstandardized coefficients; S.E. β standard error.</p
Distribution of selected NCDs and their risk factors in participants enrolled in the Abia State NCD STEPS survey.
Β§<p>Represents subjects with self reported diabetes, those with fasting blood glucose β₯7.0 mmol/L or a random blood sugar β₯11.1 mmol/L.</p>*<p>P<0.05 for males vs females.</p>#<p>P<0.05 for urban vs rural dwellers.</p><p>Data is presented as number of subjects (percentage).</p
Blood pressure and blood pressure classification of participants dwelling in urban and rural parts of Abia state.
#<p>P<0.05 for urban males vs females.</p>*<p>P<0.05 for rural males vs females.</p><p>Data is presented as mean Β± standard error of mean (SEM) or as number of subjects (percentage).</p
Scale of selected NCD risk factors in Abia state and their distribution with classes of hypertension.
<p>Data is presented as number of subjects (percentage).</p
Geographical location of Abia State in Nigeria showing the distribution of local government areas within the state.
<p>Geographical location of Abia State in Nigeria showing the distribution of local government areas within the state.</p
Demographic features of participants enrolled in the Abia State NCD STEPS survey.
<p>Data is presented as mean Β± standard error of mean (SEM) or as number of subjects (percentage).</p
Relationship between selected non-communicable diseases and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
<p>Relationship between selected non-communicable diseases and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures.</p