Lγ1 x-ray Intensity Change in Proton Excited Nb Metal, Alloys and Compounds

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Measurements of L x-Ray Chemical Influence in Chromium Compounds

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Chemical Effects of L X-Ray Intensity Ratios in Niobium and Molybdenum Compounds by Elecron and Proton Bombardments

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Intentional and non-intentional non-adherence to medication amongst breast cancer patients

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with non-adherence to medication amongst a sample of breast cancer patients. 131 women with stable disease were interviewed and completed standardised psychological measures. 55% of women reported non-adherence to medication frequently or occasionally, with younger women and those who disliked taking their medication being significantly less adherent (P = 0.015, P = 0.001). Women who deliberately omitted taking their tablets occasionally or frequently had significantly lower scores, indicative of a weaker influence, on 'internal' and 'powerful others' dimensions of health locus of control (P = 0.032, P = 0.009). Despite a life-threatening diagnosis, patients may not adhere to medication representing a potential missed opportunity for health gain and waste of resources. Furthermore, interpretation of clinical trial data may be misleading without adherence information. More research is needed to identify those at risk for non-adherence. If other routes of administration are available these options should be discussed with patients to maximise efficacy of therapy

Dual optical channel three-dimensional neuroendoscopy: Clinical application as an assistive technique in endoscopic endonasal surgery

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) high-definition endoscopy is an innovative technical advancement that helps surgeons gain precise depth perception and spatial recognition during endoscopic surgery. Here, we describe a new dual optical channel 3D neuroendoscopic technique and its clinical application. We performed endoscopic endonasal surgery on 88 patients using 3D and two-dimensional (2D) endoscopes in conjunction. We evaluated the usefulness of stereoscopic images acquired by dual optical channel 3D endoscopy during endoscopic surgery and compared the image resolution between dual optical channel 3D endoscopy and 2D endoscopy. Additionally, we compared the stereoscopic images acquired by dual optical channel and Visionsense 3D endoscopy in three cases. Combination surgery using 3D and 2D endoscopy was found to be safe. Stereoscopic images were useful in several surgical steps, especially in recognition of complex bony structures, bone drilling, and suprasellar manipulation. The magnitude of binocular disparity was greater in dual optical channel 3D endoscopy than in Visionsense 3D endoscopy. Stereoscopic images acquired by dual optical channel 3D neuroendoscopy were of adequate quality and were useful for endoscopic endonasal surgery. In consideration of its lower image resolution compared to that of 2D high-definition endoscopy, dual optical channel 3D neuroendoscopy can be applied as an assistive technique in endoscopic endonasal surgery. The magnitude of binocular disparity is one of the key factors to be considered for evaluation of the clinical significance of 3D endoscopy

Improvement in Background Reduction for X-Ray Spectrum obtained with Crystal Spectrometer

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

Chemical Analysis of Impurity Boron Atoms in Diamond Using Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy

To analyze the local structure and/or chemical states of boron atoms in boron-doped diamond, which can be synthesized by the microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method (CVD-B-diamond) and the temperature gradient method at high pressure and high temperature (HPT-B-diamond), we measured the soft X-ray emission spectra in the CK and BK regions of B-diamonds using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). X-ray spectral analyses using the fingerprint method and molecular orbital calculations confirm that boron atoms in CVD-B-diamond substitute for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice to form covalent B-C bonds, while boron atoms in HPT-B-diamond react with the impurity nitrogen atoms to form hexagonal boron nitride. This suggests that the high purity diamond without nitrogen impurities is necessary to synthesize p-type B-diamond semiconductors

An etched multilayer as a dispersive element in a curved-crystal spectrometer: implementation and performance

Etched multilayers obtained by forming a laminar grating pattern within interferential multilayer mirrors are used in the soft x-ray range to improve the spectral resolution of wavelength dispersive spectrometers equipped with periodic multilayers. We describe the fabrication process of such an etched multilayer dispersive element, its characterization through reflectivity measurement and simulations, and its implementation in a high-resolution Johann-type spectrometer. The specially designed patterning of a Mo/B4C multilayer is found fruitful in the range of the C K emission as the diffraction pattern narrows by a factor 4 with respect to the non-etched structure. This dispersive element with an improved spectral resolution was successfully implemented for electronic structure study with an improved spectral resolution by x-ray emission spectroscopy. As first results we present the distinction between the chemical states of carbon atoms in various compounds, such as graphite, SiC and B4C, by the different shape of their C K emission band.Comment: 12 pages. Published in X-ray Spectrom. 41, 308 (2012

Endovascular Treatment of a Large Partially Thrombosed Basilar Tip Aneurysm

Despite the remarkable developments in neurosurgical and neuro-interventional procedures, the optimal treatment for large or giant partially thrombosed aneurysms with a mass effect remains controversial. The authors report a case of a partially thrombosed aneurysm with a mass effect, which was successfully treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. A 41-year-old man presented with headache. Brain computed tomography depicted an 18×18 mm sized thrombosed aneurysm in the interpeducular cistern. More than 80% of the aneurysm volume was filled with thrombus and the canalized portion beyond its neck measured 6.8×5.6 mm by diagnostic cerebral angiography. Stent-assisted endovascular coiling was performed on the canalized sac and the aneurysm was completely obliterated. Furthermore, most of the thrombosed aneurysm disappeared in the interpeduncular cistern was clearly visualized follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging conducted at 21 months. The authors report a case of selective coiling of a large, partially thrombosed basilar tip aneurysm