Surgical Success Rates for Horizontal Concomitant Deviations According to the Type and Degree of Deviation

We evaluated the correlation with success rates and deviation type and degree inhorizontal concomitant deviations. 104 horizontal concomitan strabismus cases whowere operated in our clinic between January 1994 – December 2000 were included in thestudy. 56 cases undergone recession-resection procedure in the same eye 19 cases twomuscle recession and one muscle resection, 20 cases two muscle recession, 9 cases onlyone muscle recession. 10 ± prism diopter deviation in postoperative sixth monthexamination was accepted as surgical success.Surgical success rate was 90% and 89.3% in the cases with deviation angle of 15-30and 31-50 prism diopter respectively. Success rate was 78.9% if the angle was more than50 prism diopter. According to strabismus type when surgical success rate examined; inalternan esotropia 88.33%, in alternan exotropia 84.6%, in monocular esotropia 88%and in monocular exotropia 83.3% success was fixed. Statistically significant differencewas not found between strabismus type and surgical success rate. The binocular visiongaining rate was found as 51.8% after the treatment of cases.In strabismus surgery, preoperative deviation angle was found to be an effectivefactor on the success rate

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

Objectives: In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of the patients with a diagnosis of acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) were investigated. Methods: Patients with symptoms and signs longer than 3 months were considered as chronic CSCR. OCT findings of acute and chronic CSCR were recorded at admission. Between the groups, following parameters were compared; visual acuity, hyper reflective dots (HRD), subretinal fluid height (SFH) presence of pigment epithelial detachment (PED), status of photoreceptor inner-outer segment (IS/OS) line. Results: When acute and chronic patients evaluated separately, in acute patients accompanied by PED had lower visual acuity and higher SRF height. In patients with chronic CSCR subretinal fluid of patients with PED was greater than the others however there were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity. Presence of HRD had no effect on the average visual acuity SRF height in patients with acute and chronic CSCR. Also IS/OS line integrity had no effect in visual acuity of the patients in our study. Conclusion: Between the groups there was no difference in terms of IS/OS line distortion, presence of HRD, PED. Height of SRF in patients with PED was higher in both groups. In addition, in acute patients with PED visual acuity was also found to be lower. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 290-29

Comparison of Optical versus Ultrasonic Biometry in Keratoconic Eyes

Purpose. To compare the measurements of optical versus ultrasonic biometry devices in keratoconic eyes. Materials and Methods. Forty-two eyes of 42 keratoconus (KC) patients enrolled in the study were examined. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were noted, and detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Following Pentacam measurements, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were obtained using the Lenstar and US biometer to determine the reproducibility of the measurements between the two devices in keratoconic eyes. The Bland-Altman method was used to describe the agreement between the two devices. Results. The Lenstar could not measure at least one of the biometric properties in one eye and did not automatically give the corrected ACD in 2/3 of our study population. The Lenstar measured CCT (average difference 5.4 ± 19.6 µm; ICC = 0.90; ), LT (average difference 0.13 ± 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.67; ), and AL (average difference 0.10 ± 0.76 mm; ICC = 0.75; ) thinner than US biometer, whereas it measured ACD (average difference 0.18 ± 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.85; ) deeper than US biometer in keratoconic eyes. Conclusion. Although the difference between the measurements obtained using the two devices might be clinically acceptable, US biometry and Lenstar should not be used interchangeably for biometric measurements in KC patients

Comparison of anterior segment parameters with pentacam according to age in emmetropic eyes

Objective: It was aimed to compare anterior segment parametersobtained by rotating Scheimpflug camera systemaccording to age groups.Methods: 290 eyes of 145 emmetropic subjects wereincluded in the study. Subjects were divided in threeage groups. Group 1 comprised the subjects age up to20 years, Group 2 comprised the subjects age between21 and 40 and Group 3 comprised the subjects between41 years and older. In all subjects, flat keratometry (K1),steep keratometry (K2), mean corneal power (Km),maximum keratometry (Kmax), central corneal thickness(CCT), apex corneal thickness (ACT), thinnest cornealthickness (TCT), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anteriorchamber depth (ACD) were obtained by using rotatingScheimpflug camera system. To eliminate operatordependent variables, automatic release mode was used.All measurements were obtained by the same examiner.Results: The study included 72 female and 73 male subjects.The mean age of the subjects was 31.37±12.29years (range, 8-65). There were no significant differencesin keratometric values between age groups. Therewas significant difference between Groups 1 and 3 andGroups 2 and 3 in the mean CCT, ACT and TCT (p<0.05).There was significant difference between the groups inthe mean ACD and ACV. There significant positive correlationbetween age and CCT (r=0.181, p=0.001), ACT(r=0.161, p=0.006) and TCT (r=0.16, p=0.006). Therewere significant negative correlations between age andACD (r=-0.376, p<0.001) and ACV (r=-0.367, p<0.001).Conclusion: In the emmetropic eyes, significant reductionwas found in ACD and ACV, while there was significantincrease in CCT, ACT and TCT by age.Key words: Corneal topography, anterior segment, emetropic eyes, pentaca

Mean Platelet Volume in Ocular Behçet’s Disease

Objective. To determine whether mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of disease severity in ocular Behçet’s Disease (BD). Materials and Methods. The study population was 30 newly diagnosed ocular BD patients who presented with active uveitis. These patients had no past history of smoking, drug use, or systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease. A control group consisting of 34 healthy individuals was included for comparison. MPV measurements were performed serially upon presentation with active uveitis and at one and three month thereafter in BD group whereas only at presentation in the controls. Results. Upon presentation with active uveitis, the mean MPV levels were 7.88 ± 1.14 femtoliters (fL) for BD group. During the posttreatment follow-up period at first and third months, BD patients demonstrated a mean MPV level of 7.71 ± 1.12 fL and 7.65 ± 1.04 fL, respectively. The mean MPV value of control group, was 8.39 ± 0.66 fL at presentation. Fluctuations in MPV values were not significant in the BD group, while there was a significant difference between the initial measurements of the BD and control groups. Conclusion. MPV measurement in ocular BD is not a predictive laboratory test to determine the clinical improvement in early stages following classical immunosuppressive treatment

Demographic and etiologic features of adult patients with uveitis in southeastern Anatolia

Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinicalcharacteristics of adult patients with uveitis who were admittedto our clinic between 2011 and 2013.Methods: Records of the patients older than 18 years oldwith a diagnosis of uveitis between November 2011 andMay 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, diagnosis,affected eye, anatomical localization of uveitis,and systemic features were recorded from the patientfiles.Results: In this study 352 patients were evaluated. Themean age of the patients was 35.7±12.8 years. Of the patients177 patients (50.3%) were women and 175 (49.7%)were male. The most common etiology was detected asidiopathic uveitis. Following most common reasons wereBehcet’s disease, and toxoplasma chorioretinitis. Anterioruveitis was found to be the most common involvementsite. Panuveititis was the second most common involvementsite. 69.1% of the patients had unilateral uveitis. Themost common complications of the uveitis were found tobe the development of secondary cataracts and glaucoma.Conclusion: In our study general characteristics of patients,the etiological factors and demographic data of theuveitis patient in Southeastern of Turkey were presented.Because of a similar study has not been performed previouslyin our region, our data will be useful in earlier diagnosisand follow-up of uveitis patients.Key words: Demographic, etiology, uveiti

Effects of trypan blue on corneal endothelium and anterior lens capsule in albino wistar rats: An investigator-masked, controlled, two-period, experimental study

BACKGROUND: The development of continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) has contributed significantly to the tolerability and effectiveness of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Staining of the anterior capsule has become a popular method of increasing visibility when performing CCC. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the highest concentrations of trypan blue dye that would not cause long-term toxicity after injection into the anterior chamber of rat eyes. METHODS: The eyes of healthy female albino Wistar rats were used in this investigator-masked, controlled, 2-period, experimental study conducted over 12 weeks at the Dicle University Experimental Animal Laboratory, Diyarbakir, Turkey. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 using a random-number table. Each rat was administered a 0.05-mL injection of trypan blue into the right eye in 1 of the following concentrations: 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.025%. A 0.05-mL pH-balanced saline solution was injected into the left eye of each rat to act as a control. At 1 day after injection and 4 weeks after injection (early period), 1 rat from each concentration group was euthanized and their eyes were enucleated. At 12 weeks after injection (late period) the remaining 2 rats from each group were euthanized and their eyes were enucleated. Corneal endothelial cells and the anterior lens capsule of the enucleated eyes were analyzed using SEM and TEM, and the results were compared with those of the control group. In the TEM analysis, the primary end point was the histopathologic changes in the cellular organelles when compared with those in the control group. In the SEM analysis, the primary end point was changes in cell shape, intracellular junctions, and density of the microvilli when compared with those in the control group. RESULTS: Forty eyes from 20 albino Wistar rats (mean [SD] age, 8.2 [1.6] weeks; mean [SD] weight, 175.6 [16.5] g) were used in the study. Each group of rats received a different concentration of trypan blue in the right eye. In the early period, both the 0.4% and 0.2% concentrations were associated with the impairment of the hexagonal structure of corneal endothelial cells and intercellular junctions. Those concentrations were also associated with an increased occurrence of cellular vacuolation, cytoplasmic edema, extensive granulation of the endoplasmic reticulum, pyknotic nuclei, and mitochondrial degeneration. In the late period, these changes were observed as persisting in a decreasing manner. With the 0.1% and 0.05% concentrations, the density of microvilli decreased, nuclei appeared normal, granulation of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was active, and minimal levels of mitochondrial degeneration were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this small experimental study in rat eyes, trypan blue at concentrations >0.025% was associated with impaired morphology and structure of corneal endothelial cells after short-term exposure. This effect continued in a decreasing fashion after long-term exposure. No significant changes were noted in the control group or the group administered the 0.025% concentration

The Results of Annular Silicone Tube Intubation in Canalicular Injury after Blunt or Penetrating Trauma

Pur po se: The aim of this study was to analyze functional and anatomical success of annular silicone tube intubation in canalicular injury caused by blunt or penetrating trauma. Materials and Methods: The records of 62 patients with canalicular injury, who applied to our clinic, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of injury (group 1: 30 patients with blunt injury, group 2: 32 patients with penetrating injury). In all cases, annular silicone tube (Silicone tube FCI Ophthalmics Marshfield Hills, U.S) intubation was performed with a pigtail probe. The age, gender, cause of injury, affected eye, affected canalicula, time period between injury and operation, removal time of the silicone tube, and follow-up periods of the patients were recorded. An open passage withlacrimal irrigation was evaluated as anatomical success and absence of tear collection at fluorescein dye disappearance test and tearing complaint by the patients were accepted as both anatomical and functional success. Results: There were not significant differences between the groups by means of gender, affected canalicula, time period between injury and operation, removal time of the silicone tube, and follow-up periods (p>0.05). However, the mean age of the patients was significantly higher in group 1 (15.4±2.8 years) compared with group 2 (8.9±1.6 years) (p=0.01). At the last visit, there was obstruction in the canalicular system with lacrimal irrigation in one patient in group 1 and two patients in group 2. Also two patients in group 1 and four patients in group 2 had tear collection at fluorescein dye disappearance test and tearing complaint. In the first group, anatomic success was 97% and both anatomical and functional success was achieved in 93% of patients. In the second group, these rates were 94% and 88%, respectively. Success rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Annular silicone tube intubation may be used as a successful technique in maintaining anatomical and functional integrity of the canalicula after blunt or penetrating canalicular injury. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 380-4

Anterior Approach in Levator Resection in Congenital Ptosis

Results of levator resection with anterior approach in cases withcongenital ptosis with levator function 4 mm or better were evaluated.12 eyelids of 12 cases with congenital ptosis who had undergone levatorresection between March 2001-March 2003 were included in this study.Visual acuity, levator function and grade of ptosis were examinedpreoperatively. Levator resection with anterior approach was performed inall cases. Full correction or ≤ 1 mm of residual ptosis with a good lidcontour is considered successful. Levator function ranged 4 to 10 mm andthe amount of ptozis ranged 3 to 7 mm. Nine of the eyelids (75%) werecorrected successfully, but 3 eyelids (25 %) were undercorrected. Theobserved complications were exposure keratopathy in 1 case and abnormallid crease in 1 case. Mean postoperative follow-up was 12.83 ± 7. 44 monhts(range 3 to 24).Due to better visualization of the anatomical structures, levatorresection technique with anterior approach can be preferred in congenitalptosis surgery