Effects of fly infection state (<i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected vs. <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free), fly strain (isoline) and their interaction, for each of the survival measures.

<p>Based on Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GzLMM) with binomial error distribution. <i>F</i>  =  F-ratio for fixed effects and corresponding degrees of freedom (subscripts in parenthesis). <i>χ</i>² for pseudo-likelihood ratio test “covtest” for random effects (<i>d.f.</i> = 1). <i>P</i>-values are shown in parenthesis (boldface: significant at α = 0.01). In  =  <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected; Un  =  <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free.</p

Significant interactions between infection state and fly strain in the absence (A and B) and presence (C) of wasps.

<p>Untransformed mean survival of <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected and <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free flies. Each fly strain is represented by a different line color. <b>A.</b> Larva-to-adult fly survival (no. of emerging adult flies/number of initial fly larvae). <b>B.</b> Pupa-to-adult fly survival (no. of pupal cases/number of initial fly larvae). <b>C.</b> Fly adult emergence rate or proportion of total adults that resulted in adult flies (no. of emerging adult flies/total no. of emerging adults [flies + wasps]). (<i>P-</i>value: pseudo-likelihood ratio test “covtest” for fly strain in <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free flies only).</p

Wasp oviposition frequency in <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free and <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected <i>Drosophila hydei</i> larvae.

<p>Proportion of fly larvae that had at least one wasp egg. Numbers above columns  =  exact proportion. Numbers in columns  =  number of fly larvae examined.</p

Fly survival in the presence/absence of <i>Spiroplasma</i> infection and in the presence/absence of wasp attack.

<p>Untransformed mean (±SE) survival of <i>Spiroplasma</i>-infected and <i>Spiroplasma</i>-free flies in the presence and absence of wasps. <b>A.</b> Pupa-to-adult fly survival (no. of emerging adult flies/number of pupal cases). <b>B.</b> Larva-to-pupa fly survival (no. of pupal cases/number of initial fly larvae). <i>P</i>-values are indicated for comparisons that were significantly different (ns =  not significant). Numbers within or above bars indicate number of replicates (vials) per treatment.</p