The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions

This is the first comprehensive introduction to the flies of the subfamily Tachydromiinae (Hybotidae) of Singapore. The monograph summarizes all publications on the Tachydromiinae of Singapore and includes new data resulting from mass-trapping surveys made in Singapore during the last six years. A few samples from Malaysia (Johor province, Pulau Tioman and Langkawi) have been also included in this study. In Singapore the Tachydromiinae are the most diverse group of Empidoidea (except Dolichopodidae) and currently comprise 85 species belonging to the following nine genera: Platypalpus (1), Tachydromia (1), Chersodromia (6), Pontodromia (1), Drapetis (5), Elaphropeza (60), Crossopalpus (1), Nanodromia (3) and Stilpon (7). All species are diagnosed and illustrated. The following 28 species are described as new for science: Chersodromia bulohensis sp. nov. (Singapore), C. glandula sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), C. malaysiana sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), C. pasir sp. nov. (Malaysia), C. sylvicola sp. nov. (Singapore), C. tiomanensis sp. nov. (Malaysia), Crossopalpus temasek sp. nov. (Singapore), Drapetis bakau sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), D. hutan sp. nov. (Singapore), D. laut sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), D. mandai sp. nov. (Singapore), D. pantai sp. nov. (Singapore, Malaysia), Elaphropeza chanae sp. nov. (Singapore), E. collini sp. nov. (Singapore), E. gohae sp. nov. (Singapore), E. kranjiensis sp. nov. (Singapore), E. lowi sp. nov. (Singapore), E. semakau sp. nov. (Singapore), E. shufenae sp. nov. (Singapore), Nanodromia hutan sp. nov. (Singapore), N. spinulosa sp. nov. (Singapore), Platypalpus singaporensis sp. nov. (Singapore), Pontodromia pantai sp. nov. (Singapore), Stilpon arcuatum sp. nov. (Singapore), S. neesoonensis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. nigripennis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. singaporensis sp. nov. (Singapore), S. weilingae sp. nov. (Singapore). A redescription is given for Crossopalpus exul (Osten-Sacken, 1882) (Taiwan). Males of Elaphropeza feminata Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 and E. modesta Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 as well as females of Elaphropeza ubinensis Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 and Nanodromia narmkroi Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003 are described for the first time. Keys to genera and species, which are generally applicable to the whole of Southeast Asia, are compiled. An analysis of the species ecological preferenda is presented

Empis vicaria Frey 1935

vicaria Frey, 1935: 5 (Empis (Anacrostichus)) Current name. Junior synonym of Empis (Anacrostichus) longipennis Loew, 1868. Type locality: Russia, Kamchatka. Notes on the type series. Frey described this species after both sexes. He noted the following material: “1 Pärchen, Kamtchatka ”. Only one syntype was found in NHRS. Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ (Fig. 10), labelled (Fig. 11): “ Kamtschatka / Malaise ”; “2087”; “Spec. typ.”; “ Empis / vicaria n. sp. [hand-written by Frey]/ R. Frey det.”; “ Lectotypus / Empis / vicaria Frey, 1935 / design. Shamshev, 2020” (NHRS). Remarks. Shamshev (2016) has already commented on the synonymy of E. vicaria with E. longipennis Loew.Published as part of Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922, pp. 532-548 in Zootaxa 4758 (3) on page 539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/373473

Empis (Empis) insulata Collin

<i>Empis</i> (<i>Empis</i>) <i>insulata</i> Collin <p>(Figs 6–8)</p> <p>Collin, 1937: 143, fig. 4. Type locality (by lectotype designation): “Doummar”, Syria.</p> <p> Other references: Chvála & Wagner, 1989: 266 (catalogue); Pont, 1995: 91 (type data); Yang <i>et al</i>., 2007: 103 (catalogue); Çiftçi <i>et al</i>., 2012: 52 (key, misidentification).</p> <p> <b>Notes on the type-series.</b> Collin (1937) described <i>E</i>. <i>insulata</i> after three males. Only one specimen has label data (as Collin noted, also Pont (1995: 91)), however, it is highly damaged.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> <b>LECTOTYPE</b> (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ (Fig. 6), labelled (Fig. 7): “[no data]”; “ Empis / insulata Collin / TYPE ♂. [hand-written by Collin]”; “VC-TYPE 558/ Empis ♂ / insulata/ Collin”; “ Lectotypus / Empis / insulata Collin, 1937 / design. Shamshev, 2019 [red label]” (OUMNH).</p> <p> <b>PARALECTOTYPES.</b> Doummar (Syrie) 17.iv.; VC-TYPE 558/ Empis ♂ / insulata/ Collin; Paralectotypus, Empis insulata Collin, 1937, design. Shamshev, 2019 (♂, OUMNH); VC-TYPE 558/ Empis ♂ / insulata/ Collin; Paralectotypus, Empis insulata Collin, 1937, design. Shamshev, 2019 (♂, OUMNH; terminalia dissected, main- tained in Canada balsam and pinned on a celluloid slip).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Small (body about 4 mm) blackish grey flies with moderately long labrum, uniformly black legs, yellow halteres, pale setose laterotergite and abdomen, black spiracles, faintly infuscate wings with incomplete anal vein; phallus short, straight on apical portion.</p> <p> <b>Re-description. Male</b> (Fig. 6). Lectotype wing length 3.3 mm. Head with dense light greyish pruinescence on face, frons, postgena, ocellar triangle and occiput. Holoptic, eye with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by very small triangular space below ocellar tubercle and larger subtriangular space above antennae, bare. Ocellar triangle with 2 long and some short fine setae. Occiput with numerous black short to moderately long setae on upper part and pale hair-like setae on lower part. Antenna black; scape and pedicel short, scape slightly longer, both with short setulae; postpedicel conical, about 2X longer than wide; stylus long, nearly 3/4 of postpedicel length. Palpus black; with rather scattered, short, dark setae. Proboscis with labrum nearly 1.4X head height.</p> <p>Thorax densely greyish pruinescent; scutum viewed dorsally with indications of indistinct brownish vittae along rows of dorsocentral setae. Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with a few pale hair-like setae on lower portion and 1–2 short dark setae on upper portion opposite anterior spiracle. Antepronotum with several black short setae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long, strong black seta, 1–2 short setae and several minute setulae. Mesonotum with black well differentiated setation: 1 long presutural intra-alar, 1 presutural supra-alar, 3 notopleurals with several additional setulae anteriorly, 1–2 postsutural supra-alars, 1 postalar and 4 long scutellars; acrostichals arranged in 2 irregular rows, short, lacking on prescutellar depression; presutural dorsocentrals 1–2-serial, long, postsutural dorsocentrals uniserial, 2 prescutellar pairs longest (nearly as long as scutellars). Laterotergite with several fine pale and 1–2 stronger black setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles black.</p> <p>Legs quite robust, black, faintly greyish pruinescent. Coxae with pale fine setae. Fore femur with rows of short to minute fine anteroventral and posteroventral setae (pale closer to base). Mid femur with moderately long anterodorsal setae on basal half, intermixed long stronger and short finer setae anteroventrally and posteroventrally (longest setae somewhat longer that femur width). Hind femur covered with short setae. Fore tibia with some slightly longer setulae posterodorsally and posteriorly. Mid tibia with 2–3 long anterodorsal setae (except circlet of subapicals), some numerous finer setae posterodorsally and moderately long intermixed strong and fine setae anteroventrally. Hind tibia straight, slender, with about 4 pairs of somewhat longer setae dorsally; no seta in posteroapical comb. Fore basitarsus slender, with somewhat longer setulae posterodorsally and posteriorly; hind basitarsus slender, covered with short setae dorsally.</p> <p>Wing membrane faintly infuscate. Basal costal seta present, long. Pterostigma indistinct, yellowish brown. Veins brownish, well sclerotised. CuA+CuP (anal vein) incomplete. Cell dm short, almost truncate, with slightly elongate apex. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision right angled. Squama dirty yellow, pale fringed. Halter yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen dark brown in ground-colour, densely greyish pruinescent; mostly with pale hair-like setae longer on tergites laterally, some blackish short setae on tergites dorsally. Sclerites of pregenital segments without projections.</p> <p>Terminalia small (Fig. 8). Cercus black, narrow, subrectangular, with apex slightly produced beyond apex of epandrium (lateral view); in dorsal view with short internal projection near base; covered with black setulae. Epandrial lamella black, subtriangular, covered with black setae somewhat longer along lower margin. Hypandrium dark brown, subshiny, narrow subtriangular, bare. Phallus yellow, rather short, with short portion slightly projecting beyond cerci; straight beyond basal curvature; with small wing-like projections near middle, remaining portion tubular.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Unknown. <b>Distribution.</b> Palaearctic: Syria. <b>Remarks.</b> In addition to the species keyed below, <i>E. insulata</i> is similar to <i>E</i>. <i>basilaris</i> Becker and <i>E</i>. <i>petulans</i> Becker known only from Canary Isles and Corsica, respectively (Syrovátka 1991). Both these species differs from <i>E</i>. <i>insulata</i> primarily by the presence of pale setulae on the postpronotal lobe.</p>Published as part of <i>Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J. E. Collin and a key to species, pp. 266-274 in Zootaxa 4743 (2)</i> on pages 269-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687869">http://zenodo.org/record/3687869</a&gt

Empis (Empis) demissa Collin

<i>Empis</i> (<i>Empis</i>) <i>demissa</i> Collin <p>(Figs 1–5)</p> <p>Collin, 1949: 184, fig. 9. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Mariout, Egypt.</p> <p> Other references: Chvála & Wagner, 1989: 265 (catalogue); Pont, 1995: 57 (type data); Yang <i>et al</i>., 2007: 101 (catalogue).</p> <p> <b>Note on the type-series.</b> Collin (1949) listed four males and two females in his original description of <i>E</i>. <i>demissa</i>. I did not examine two males and one female syntype that should be housed in Cairo University, Egypt.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> <b>LECTOTYPE</b> (here designated in order to fix identity of the species): ♂ (Fig. 1), labelled (Fig. 2): “MARIOUT/ 23.2.[19]22”; “ Coll. Efflatoun / EGYPTE ”; “VC-TYPE 697/ Empis ♂ / demissa/ Col- lin”; “ Lectotypus / Empis / demissa Collin, 1949 / design. Shamshev, 2019 [red label]” (OUMNH).</p> <p> <b>PARALECTOTYPES</b>. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as lectotype except red label “ Paralectotypus, Empis demissa Collin, 1949, design. Shamshev, 2019” (OUMNH).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Mid-sized (body about 4.5 mm) greyish flies having yellow halteres, pale setose abdomen, moderately long labrum, scutum with three vittae, wings faintly infuscate, anal vein complete. Male: phallus short, thick. Female: legs with only simple setae.</p> <p> <b>Re-description. Male</b> (Fig. 1). Lectotype wing length 4.6 mm. Head with dense light greyish pruinescence on face, frons, postgena, ocellar triangle and occiput. Holoptic, eye with upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by very small triangular space below ocellar tubercle and larger subtriangular space above antennae, bare. Ocellar triangle with 2 long and some short fine setae. Occiput with numerous black setae on upper part and pale setae on lower part. Antenna black (sometimes scape and pedicel slightly paler); scape and pedicel short, scape slightly longer, both with short setulae; postpedicel conical, about 2X longer than wide; stylus long, nearly as long as postpedicel. Palpus dark; with numerous long, dark fine setae. Proboscis with labrum nearly 1.5X head height.</p> <p>Thorax densely greyish pruinescent; scutum viewed dorsally with brownish vittae along rows of dorsocentrals and narrower dark vitta along rows of acrostichal setae. Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with numerous pale hairlike setae on lower portion and similar setae on upper portion opposite anterior spiracle. Antepronotum with several dark to pale setae on each side (in lectotype dark setae dorsally and pale setae laterally). Postpronotal lobe with 1 long strong black and numerous short fine pale and dark setae. Mesonotum with black well differentiated setation; 1 long presutural intra-alar (flanked with 2–3 setulae), 1 long presutural supra-alar (with some additional setulae anteriorly and posteriorly), 3 notopleurals with several additional setulae anteriorly, 2 postsutural supra-alars of different lengths (posterior seta longer; with several additional setulae anteriorly), 1 postalar and 4 long scutellars (sometimes with 1 or 2 shorter setae); acrostichals arranged in 2 irregular rows, long, lacking on prescutellar depression; presutural dorsocentrals arranged in 2–3 irregular rows, nearly as long as acrostichals, postsutural dorsocentrals 1–2-serial, becoming longer toward scutellum, 3–4 prescutellar pairs longest (nearly as long as scutellars). Laterotergite with numerous pale setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles yellow.</p> <p>Legs long, slender, mostly brownish, subshiny and with black setation (except noted); fore tibia near extreme base, mid and hind tibiae tawny (paler closer to base). Coxae densely greyish pruinescent, with numerous pale fine setae. Fore femur with row of long pale anteroventral hair-like setae (longest setae somewhat longer than femur width) and row of similar pale posteroventral setae on basal part, becoming darker toward apex of femur; some hairlike setae closer to apex posteriorly. Mid femur with cluster of several strong black, long setae near extreme base ventrally; anterodorsal row of strong setae, very long and partly pale closer to base, becoming shorter toward apex of femur; anteroventral and posteroventral rows of fine long setae. Hind femur with row of strong, long anterodorsal setae yellowish on basal part; mostly pale (except subapical part) fine, moderately long anteroventral setae; some pale fine setae closer to base ventrally and posteriorly. Fore tibia with numerous moderately long, fine setae posterodorsally and posteriorly. Mid tibia with 3–4 very long, strong and usually 1–2 additional shorter dorsal setae (except 1 similar seta of subapical circlet), 4–5 somewhat shorter posterodorsals, 8–9 very long anteroventrals (similar to longest dorsal setae) and some moderately long posteroventrals. Hind tibia slightly curved and compressed laterally; with numerous moderately long anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; no seta in posteroapical comb. Fore basitarsus slightly thickened but not broader than fore tibia at apex, with somewhat longer setulae posterodorsally and posteriorly; hind basitarsus slender, with 2–3 moderately long setae dorsally.</p> <p>Wing membrane faintly infuscate. Basal costal seta present, long. Pterostigma indistinct. Veins brownish, well sclerotised. CuA+CuP (anal vein) complete. Cell dm short, with elongate apex. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision acute. Squama pale yellow, pale fringed. Halter yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen dark in ground-colour, almost entirely densely light grey pruinescent, tergites 7–8 subshiny laterally, sternites 7–8 almost blackish shiny (Collin misinterpreted sternite 8 as sternite 7); almost entirely covered with pale to yellowish setae, tergites with some dark short setae dorsally, sternite 8 with some dark posteromarginal setae. Sternite 8 enlarged, inflated.</p> <p>Terminalia (not dissected) small (Figs 3, 4). Cercus black, somewhat concave dorsally (lateral view), covered with dark setulae. Epandrial lamella black, mostly faintly pruinescent, subtriangular, subshiny, with some dark setae on upper margin and apex and with longer yellowish setae along lower margin. Hypandrium black, subshiny, subtriangular, bare. Phallus yellow, short, thick.</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (Fig. 5). Dichoptic, eyes separated by broad frons bearing marginal setulae. Occiput and palpus with sparser and shorter setae than in male. Thorax with shorter setae. Tibiae and tarsi extensively yellowish, only fore tibia brownish yellow closer to apex and tarsomeres 2–4 brownish; fore basitarsus slender. Legs with only simple setae; fore femur covered with minute setulae; fore tibia with somewhat longer setulae posterodorsally; mid femur with short anterodorsal setae on basal 3/4 and anteroventral setae on apical half; hind femur with some stronger short setae anterodorsally and short finer setae anteroventrally; mid and hind tibiae with scattered short anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae (more numerous on hind tibia). Abdomen covered with short setae; tergites 3–5 narrowly subshiny anteriorly, tergites 6–7 broadly shiny, tergite 8 entirely shiny. Cercus long, slender, with dark setulae.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Palaearctic: Egypt.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> In addition to the species keyed below, <i>Empis demissa</i> resembles <i>E</i>. <i>genualis</i> Strobl known from temperate and warm parts of Europe, Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Turkey (Shamshev 2016). Collin (1949) compared both species in his original description of <i>E</i>. <i>demissa</i>. The male of <i>E</i>. <i>genualis</i> can be distinguished from <i>E</i>. <i>demissa</i> primarily by the subshiny abdomen. The female of <i>E</i>. <i>genualis</i> differs from <i>E</i>. <i>demissa</i> by intensively pennate legs, including the mid and hind coxae (Syrovátka 2000).</p>Published as part of <i>Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J. E. Collin and a key to species, pp. 266-274 in Zootaxa 4743 (2)</i> on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687869">http://zenodo.org/record/3687869</a&gt

Empis (Empis) nigropilosa Collin

<i>Empis</i> (<i>Empis</i>) <i>nigropilosa</i> Collin <p>(Figs 9–11)</p> <p>Collin, 1937: 142, fig. 3. Type locality: “ Syria ”.</p> <p> Other references: Chvála & Wagner, 1989: 267 (catalogue); Pont, 1995: 117 (type data); Yang <i>et al</i>., 2007: 104 (catalogue).</p> <p> <b>Note on the type-series.</b> Pont (1995) noted that the holotype of <i>E</i>. <i>nigropilosa</i> has no label data.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> <b>HOLOTYPE</b>, ♂ (Fig. 9), labelled (Fig. 10): “[no data]”; “pale purple disc”; “[cel- luloid slip with dissected terminalia in Canada balsam]”; “ Empis / nigropilosa Collin / TYPE ♂. [hand-written by Collin]”; “VC-TYPE 557/ Empis ♂ / nigropilosa/ Collin”; “ Holotypus / Empis / nigropilosa Collin, 1937 [our red label]” (OUMNH).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Empis nigropilosa</i> appears to be a doubtful species. It is very similar to <i>E</i>. <i>hirta</i> Loew described from Georgia (Loew 1865; Syrovátka 1991). <i>Empis hirta</i> is widely distributed in the Caucasus and locally quite common occurring over a broad range of altitudes from submontane area closer the shores of the Black Sea up to 1600 m (Kustov & Shamshev 2014). Syrovátka (1991) re-described <i>E</i>. <i>hirta</i> and designated the lectotype, but he compared this species only with <i>E</i>. <i>pilosa</i> Loew. Unfortunately, Syrovátka (1991) omitted in his re-descriptions of <i>Empis</i> s. str. characters such as the setosity of the prosternum. <i>Empis hirta</i> has the prosternum setose. The male terminalia of <i>E</i>. <i>hirta</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>nigropilosa</i> appear identical (e.g., Collin 1960: 142, fig. 3; Syrovátka 1991: 255, fig. 10A; Kustov & Shamshev 2014: 181, fig. 10) and the majority of other external characters match. However, <i>E</i>. <i>nigropilosa</i> differs from <i>E</i>. <i>hirta</i> by the bare prosternum (vs. setose), four scutellar setae (vs. 6–12), somewhat sparser and longer anteroventral setae on the hind femur and faintly infuscate wing (vs. brownish).</p> <p> It should be noted that some characters of <i>E</i>. <i>hirta</i> are very variable, e.g., body size (4.5–5.6 mm, the lecto-type— 5.6 mm); number of notopleural setae (3–5, usually 3–4, in the lectotype 4); number and robustness of scutellar setae (6–12, when 6 or 8 then 4 usually stronger); prosternum sometimes only with 1–3 setae on each side.</p> <p> I provisionally retain <i>E</i>. <i>nigropilosa</i> as a separate species until additional material becomes available from that region.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Palaearctic: Syria.</p>Published as part of <i>Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J. E. Collin and a key to species, pp. 266-274 in Zootaxa 4743 (2)</i> on pages 271-272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3687869">http://zenodo.org/record/3687869</a&gt

Hesperempis sibirica Shamshev 2007, sp. nov.

Hesperempis sibirica sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. In having a wholly yellow body the new species is very similar to H. sanduca but can be readily distinguished from it by the entirely yellow legs (vs. hind tarsomeres 4 and 5 black). H. mabelae, according to the original description, has a greyish black body. Description. Male. Wing length 2.1–2.2 mm. Head wholly yellow, including antennae, palpi and mouth-parts; occiput and frons finely greyish pollinose; setation pale. Eyes bare, dichoptic, with ommatidia equally small. Frons broad, with few marginal setulae. Ocellar triangle prominent, with short latero- proclinate setae. Postvertical and postocular setae very short; additionally, occiput with scattered bristly hairs on lower part. Antenna with scape short, setose, subequal in length to globular pedicel; postpedicel with broad base, strongly tapered, about 2.5 times as long as wide; style cylindrical, three-segmented, nearly 1/3 length of postpedicel, segment 10 rather long, about half as long as segments 8 and 9 combined. Proboscis short, directed forwards; palpus short. Thorax wholly reddish yellow, with pale inconspicuous setation; scutum viewed dorsally or anteriorly finely light grey pruinose, with 2 narrow dull vittae (one between acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles on each side) but when viewed posteriorly appearing almost wholly (except prescutellar depression) dull; entire mesopleuron with similar uniform pruinosity. Prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Proepisternum and antepronotum with few setulae. Postpronotal lobe with 1 very short bristle and several setulae. Mesonotal bristles mostly slightly prominent; acrostichals and dorsocentrals subequally very short (including prescutellars); the former irregularly biserial, lacking on prescutellar depression; the latter arranged in 1–2 rows, offset from row anteriorly, extending to base of scutellum; several setulae present on presutural and postsutural supra-alar faces, 1 rather short notopleural bristle (with several additional setulae), postalar callus with 3 setulae, scutellum with 5 pairs of bristles. Laterotergite bare. Legs wholly yellow, unmodified, lacking prominent bristles. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified pale bristly hairs. Fifth tarsomere on all legs flattened; pulvilli small, shorter than tarsal claw. Wings finely yellowish infuscate, with brownish yellow veins; no bristle at wing base; stigma hardly visible, brownish yellow, elliptical, overlapping apex of vein R 1; anal lobe prominent, obtuse. Sc complete; R 2+3 straight on apical part; radial fork present, V-shaped, with base opposite apex of vein R 2+3; distance between apices of veins R 2+3 and R 4 subequal to that between veins R 4 and R 5; veins R 5 and M 1 parallel before wing-apex; cell dm broad, somewhat longer than basal cells, produced apically; m-m crossvein long, M branches widely separated; dm-cu crossvein slightly concave; vein CuA 1 nearly 1.5 times longer than dm-cu crossvein. Apex of cell cup slightly rounded, vein A1 long, reaching wing margin. Halter yellow. Abdomen wholly yellow, finely greyish pollinose, covered with short pale bristly hairs, longer posteriorly. Terminalia unrotated, slightly arched anteriorly in dried specimens; with cercus (except brownish upper margin), basal half of epandrial lamella (brownish in apical half) and hypandrium yellow; finely pollinose, with short pale setulae. Epandrium deeply emarginate, with rather broad dorsal bridge. Surstylus absent. Hypandrium large, subrectangular, prolonged in long narrow apical lobe (postgonites?), with several long setae, basally fused to epandrium. Cercus broad, tapered to rounded tip on apical third; covered with long setae and bearing numerous spinules on apical part; hypoproct well developed, broad with rounded apex. Phallus arched posteriorly, apical third mostly membranous, with numerous spinules. Female. Unknown. Material examined: Holotype male: [in Cyrillic] RUSSIA, zh.d.st. [abbreviation for "zheleznodorozhnaya stantsiya" = railway station] Dachnaya, 32 km S of Irkutsk / V. Richter, 20.VI.1971 [deposited in ZIN]. Paratype: 1 male, RUSSIA: Padun / Irkut. obl. [= Irkutsk Province] / Monchadsky, 10.VII. [1]956; UV trap 22.00- 23.00 [ZIN]. Derivatio nominis. The new species is named after the region of origin, Siberia. Distribution. Russia: East Siberia (Irkutsk Province). Discussion. It is evident now that Hesperempis is relatively widespread, occurring in eastern Asia and eastern and western parts of North America. However, in Continental Asia these flies have been surprisingly rarely collected and are very poorly represented in collections. Apparently, this genus shows a trans-Pacific vicariance distribution pattern that is not uncommon among Diptera. Sinclair and Saigusa (2002) indicated several examples among genera of Empidoidea. However, this list will likely become longer, because relationships within many groups of empidoids, including huge generic groups such as Empis Linnaeus, Rhamphomyia Meigen and Hilara Meigen are not yet resolved. Recently, Sinclair and Cumming (2006) discussed the relationships of Hesperempis within Empidoidea. The new Hesperempis species described in the present paper wholly agrees with the set of characters that these authors applied for their analysis thus supporting the current concept of the genus. Hesperempis sibirica sp. nov. appears very similar to H. sanduca, which has also been examined by the author (material in ZMLU). However, more precise relationships of the new species will be presented within a forthcoming analysis involving all other undescribed and described species of Hesperempis and some closely related genera (Cumming, Brooks & Saigusa, in prep.). Acknowledgements. I am indebted to Jeffrey Cumming, Scott Brooks (Agricultural Canada, Ottawa) and Toyohei Saigusa (Fukuoka, Japan) who provided unpublished data for comparison. I thank Roy Danielsson for his help during my work at Lund University and Bradley Sinclair for checking English and interesting discussions concerning empidoids during my stay in the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. My visits to Lund and Bonn were supported by the Sweden Institute and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), respectively.Published as part of Shamshev, Igor V., 2007, A new species of the genus Hesperempis Melander (Diptera: Empididae) from Siberia, pp. 63-65 in Zootaxa 1554 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1554.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/509576

Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J.E. Collin and a key to species

Shamshev, Igor V. (2020): Empis s. str. (Diptera: Empididae) from Egypt, Israel and Syria: notes on some species described by J.E. Collin and a key to species. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 266-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.

Hilara ragasides Frey 1935

ragasides Frey, 1935: 6 (Hilara) Current name. Hilara ragasides Frey, 1935. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Russia, Kamchatka. Notes on the type series. Frey described this species from both sexes after an unspecified number of specimens. He noted the following material: “ 1 ♂, Kamtchatka (Malaise), daneben zahlreiche Exemplare im Helsing- forser Museum aus Kamtchatka: Bolscherjetsk (Wuorentaus)”. Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species), ♂ (Fig. 15), labelled (Fig. 16): “ Kamtchatka / Malaise”; “924”; “Spec. typ.”; “ Hilara / rhagasides [sic!]/ Frey [hand-written by Frey] Frey det.”; “ Hilara / ragasides Frey, 1935 / design. Shamshev, 2020” (NHRS). PARALECTOTYPES: RUSSIA, Kamchatskiy Territory: Ust-Bolscheretsk, 21.vii–19.viii.1917, Wuorentaus; Paralectotypus, Hilara ragasides Frey, 1935, design. Shamshev & Kahanpää, 2020 (3 ♂, 2 ♀, MZH). Diagnosis. Rather mid-sized species of the H. maura group, distinguished from other species of this group by the following combination of characters: hind femur slender, “knees” of legs yellowish, sensory pit not guarded by setulae, acrostichals biserial, wing whitish, male mid tibia with dense long setae, female hind tibia simple. Re-description. Male (Fig. 15). Lectotype body length 3.4 mm, wing length 3.6 mm [Frey notes body length 3.4–4 mm, wing length 3.5 mm]. Head (Fig. 17) black. Frons uniformly velvety blackish brown, very wide; 2 up- per frontal setae very long, strong. Face below antennae nearly as broad as frons, rather short, mostly concolourous with frons, narrowly shiny along lower margin. Ocellar triangle concolourous with frons, pair of ocellar setae nearly as long as upper frontals. Occiput uniformly velvety blackish (any view); with black stronger setae on upper part and pale hair-like setae on lower part; upper postoculars long. Antenna entirely black; postpedicel short, nearly 2X longer than wide; stylus nearly 2X shorter than postpedicel. Palpus brown; with 1 long, black, ventral seta on apical part and some numerous fine setulae ventrally. Proboscis short, labrum nearly 1.5X shorter than eye height. Thorax (Fig. 17) black, with prothoracic sclerites (except noted) and entire mesopleuron densely greyish pruinose, postpronotal lobe and mesonotum faintly greyish pruinose, subshiny; scutum with 3 narrow, indistinct, black- ish vittae along rows acrostichal and dorsocentral setae (dorsal and anterior views). Prosternum covered with pale fine setae. Proepisternum with several pale fine setae on lower part; 2–3 similar setae on upper part of proepisternum in front of anterior spiracle. Sensory pit not guarded by setulae. Antepronotum with several short pale hair-like setae on each side. Postpronotal lobe covered with short pale hair-like setae. Mesonotum with 2 moderately long strong black notopleurals, 2–3 postsutural supra-alars (2 setae longer and stronger), 1 postalar, 4–6 scutellars (4 setae of subequal lengths and stronger); in addition, numerous pale to brownish setulae on notopleuron and presutural supraalar area; acrostichals short, fine, arranged in 2 close irregular rows; dorsocentrals uniserial, somewhat longer and stronger than acrostichals. Anterior and posterior spiracles dark brown. Wing membrane somewhat whitish; veins mostly brownish yellow; costal vein thickened on apical portion; pterostigma indistinct; 1 moderately long, black basal costal seta present. Anal vein (CuA+CuP) incomplete; radial fork rather shortened, acute, R 4 straight toward apex; cell dm with elongate apex. Axillary incision obtuse, anal lobe well-developed. Squama brownish, yellowish fringed. Halter with brown knob and reddish brown stem. Legs almost uniformly dark brown, only “knees” yellowish; with black setation (except noted); coxae densely, remaining parts faintly greyish pruinose. Coxae with pale fine setae. Fore femur with rows of minute anteroventral and posteroventral setulae. Mid femur with complete row of several long strong anterodorsal setae; rows of mostly minute fine anteroventral and posteroventral setae which are pale near base of femur (some posteroventral setae near extreme base long). Hind femur slender, with rows of mostly fine, pale, very short anteroventral and posteroventral setae, several anteroventrals on about apical fifth black, longer. Fore tibia slightly thickened toward apex; slightly longer setulae posteriorly, without prominent setae (except circlet subapicals). Mid tibia covered with long (about 2X tibia width) fine setae posterodorsally and posteriorly, similar shorter setae anterodorsally and anteriorly. Hind tibia with some short setae dorsally. Fore basitarsus thickened, rather cylindrical, about twice as long as wide, nearly 2/3 of fore tibia length; only with usual setulae; mid and hind basitarsi slender, mid tarsomeres 1–2 with somewhat longer setae dorsally. Abdomen dark brown, faintly greyish pruinose, subshiny; covered with mostly very short, fine, pale setae somewhat longer on tergites 1–2 laterally, only tergite 6 with some moderately long posteromarginal setae. Terminalia (not dissected, Fig. 18) rather small, hypandrium concolorous with abdomen, epandrium somewhat darker and more shiny, both covered with short fine setae; hypandrium not produced posteriorly, narrowed and without projections apically; epandrial projection very narrow, long, rather hook-like apically, with very slender spine-like apex (lateral view). Female. Similar to male, legs covered with short setae, hind tibia simple. Distribution. Palaearctic: Russia (Kamchatskiy Territory). Remarks. Hilara ragasides belongs to the H. maura group (H. clypeata complex) and within the key to Hilara of Fennoscandia (Chvála 2005) this species runs to H. discoidalis Lundbeck. The male of H. ragasides differs from the male of H. discoidalis primarily by long setose mid tibia and whitish wings. The female of H. discoidalis differs from the female of H. ragasides by distinctly evenly dilated tip of the hind tibiae.Published as part of Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922, pp. 532-548 in Zootaxa 4758 (3) on pages 541-543, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/373473

Empis pachymorion Frey 1935

pachymorion Frey, 1935: 4 (Empis (Anacrostichus) Current name. Empis (Anacrostichus) pachymorion Frey, 1935. Type locality (by lectotype designation): Russia, Kamchatka. Notes on the type series. Frey described this species after the female sex only. He noted the following material: “ 2 ♀ -Exx., Kamtchatka ”. Only one syntype was found in NHRS, it agrees with the original description. Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species) ♀ (Fig. 1), la- belled (Fig. 2): “ Kamtschatka / Malaise ”; “1917”; “Spec. typ.”; “ Empis / pachymorion / n. sp. [hand-written by Frey] R. Frey det.”; “ Lectotypus / Empis / pachymorion Frey, 1935 / design. Shamshev, 2020” (NHRS). Additional material examined. RUSSIA, Irkutskaya Province: UstKut; Fl. Lenas; B. Poppius; 503; Empis (Anacrostichus) pachymorion n. sp., R. Frey det. (1 ♀, MZH). Kamchatskiy Territory: Kamtschatka, Malaise (5 ♂, NHRS). Diagnosis. Mid-sized species (body length about 5 mm) of the E. nitida group, with dichoptic eyes in both sexes, long antennal postpedicel and raptorial hind legs, without acrostichals; highly sexually dimorphic. Male: thorax greyish pruinose, legs extensively yellowish, wing faintly brownish, halter yellow. Female: thorax brown pruinose, legs usually extensively brownish, wing and halter brown. Re-description. Male (Fig. 3). Wing length 5.4–5.7 mm. Head black, with only black setae; frons, face, ocellar triangle and occiput densely greyish brown pruinose. Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons below ocellar tubercle nearly as broad as distance between inner margins of posterior ocelli, slightly broadened toward antennae; with black marginal setulae. Face slightly broader than frons above antennae, bare; clypeus shiny. Ocellar triangle with 2 moderately long setae and several setulae. Occiput with numerous moderately long strong setae on upper part (including postoculars) and fine setae on lower part. Antenna black; scape elongate, nearly 2.5X longer than pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel conical, long, 4.5–5X longer than wide; stylus very short, slightly shorter than postpedicel width. Palpus short, dark; with scattered short, dark, fine setae. Proboscis with labrum somewhat bulbous near base, nearly 1.5X head height. Thorax black, mostly densely greyish pruinose, only with black setae; scutum in anterodorsal view usually with 4 broad yellowish brown very indistinct vittae (lateral vittae often almost invisible or even medial vittae hardly distinguishable), blackish reflections in some view (e.g., blackish subtriangular patch on prescutellar depression viewed anterodorsally). Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with several setae on lower portion, bare on upper portion opposite anterior spiracle. Antepronotum with 7–9 spine-like short setae on each side. Postpronotal lobe with 1 long and several short setae. Mesonotum with well differentiated setation; 1 short presutural intra-alar, 1 moderately long presutural supra-alar, 3 notopleurals (middle seta longer), 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 long and 1 very short postalars, 4–6 scutellars (apical pair always long and strong, lateral pair(s) fine and very short); acrostichals absent; dorsocentrals uniserial, mostly short and fine, 2 prescutellar pairs long. Laterotergite with numerous black setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles brown. Legs with coxae, mid and hind trochanters blackish brown, fore trochanter brownish yellow; with black setae, coxae greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny; femora and tibiae extensively yellow to tawny yellow, femora often darker on apical part dorsally in different extent (especially hind femur), sometimes hind tibia darkened at apex; tarsomeres 1–2 yellowish on basal part and brownish apically (sometimes almost entirely brownish or yellowish), remaining tarsomeres brownish. Hind leg raptorial, with strongly thickened femur and geniculate, somewhat thickened and arcuate tibia. Femora polished ventrally, without whitish pubescence. Fore femur usually with 1–2 short spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae on about apical fifth (1 anteroventral seta usually somewhat longer, but sometimes posteroventral setae fine, or both anteroventral and posteroventral setae fine). Mid femur with moderately long spine-like setae anteroventrally and posteroventrally. Hind femur with rows of anteroventral and posteroventral moderately long setae, covered with dense spinule-like setae ventrally (denser closer to apex). Fore tibia covered with simple setulae (except some short setae of subapical circlet). Mid tibia usually with 1–2 moderately long posterodorsal setae on about basal third. Hind tibia with some scattered, short, fine setae dorsally; no seta in posteroapical comb. All tarsomeres slender, with simple setulae (except short fine setae of subapical circlets); tarsomere 5 almost as long as tarsomeres 3 and 4 combined. Wing membrane faintly brownish. Basal costal seta present, long. Pterostigma indistinct. Veins brownish, well sclerotised; CuA+CuP (anal vein) complete; R 5 and M 1+2 almost parallel. Cell dm short, with elongate apex. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision acute, close to 90°. Squama yellowish, black fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen with black to dark brown tergites and brownish sternites, almost entirely shiny, only segment 1, tergites 7–8 and sternite 5 faintly greyish pruinose; covered with rather sparse, black, mostly short setae (except noted); postabdomen bent downwards and thus hypopygium placed ventrally relative to body axis. Modified pregenital segments: segments 5–8; tergite 5 with lateral margins somewhat produced downwards; sternite 5 deeply concave posteriorly, stronger sclerotised than sternite 4; tergite 6 somewhat concave anteriorly and posteriorly, with somewhat produced postero-lateral corner; sternite 6 greatly reduced, represented by very narrow, weakly sclerotised, bare sclerite laying posteriorly relative to tergite 6; tergite 7 with excisions on lateral margins, almost bare (some setulae only postero-laterally); sternite 7 short, strongly sclerotised, viewed ventrally with lateral projection on each side (corresponding to excisions on tergite 7), broadly convex posteriorly, with several short spine-like setae on each side of convexity; segment 8 somewhat funnel-like, tergite 8 and sternite 8 separated, tergite 8 entire, somewhat flattened dorsally, deeply concave anteriorly; sternite 8 large, concave anteriorly, with large lateral tubercles near anterior margin (ventral view). Terminalia (Figs 4, 5) small, subglobular. Cercus (Fig. 4) reddish yellow to yellowish, with dark setulae; very deeply concave dorsally forming two lobes (lateral view); upper cercal lobes free, broadly separated, very narrow, bacilliform; lower cercal lobes fused to epandrial lamella and narrowly fused with each other dorsally near apex, broader than upper lobes, elongate oval viewed laterally but subtriangular viewed posteriorly, with apex somewhat upturned and directed anteriorly. Epandrium brownish, subshiny, dark setose; with very narrow, free laying dorsal sclerite just before cerci; epandrial lamella rather subrectangular (lateral view), with apex slightly produced and somewhat turned inwards. Subepandrial membrane divided into two finger-like sclerites. Phallus (Fig. 5) yellowish, short, gently curved, thickened on about basal half, getting evenly slender beyond middle toward apex, not extending beyond cerci. Hypandrium yellowish, narrow, subrectangular viewed laterally, broadly attached to epandrial lamella, fused with base of phallus, bare; gonocoxal apodeme very large, subovate. Ejaculatory apodeme beyond basal curvature of phallus, very large, without lateral wings. Female (Fig. 1). Lectotype wing length 5.3 mm. Frons, face, ocellar triangle and occiput velvety blackish brown. Thorax densely dark brown pruinose; scutum with blackish reflections, in dorsal view three blackish vittae along rows of dorsocentral and virtual acrostichal setae, subtriangular patch on prescutellar depression, in anterior view four indistinct brownish vittae. Legs generally darker than in male but variable in colour intensity; in specimens from Kamchatka (including the lectotype) legs extensively brownish to reddish brown leaving only apex of fore femur, narrow basal and apical parts of mid and hind femora and about basal third of hind tibia paler; in specimens from the south of the Russian Far East legs colour only slightly darker than in male. Wing uniformly brown; veins brown. Squama brownish. Halter with dark brown knob and slightly paler stem. Abdomen with slightly shorter setation; tergites 6–8 shiny, sternites 6–8 faintly greyish pruinose medially; cercus long, slender, with dark setulae. Distribution. The species is known only from the territory of Russia where it is widely distributed from the Urals to Siberia and the Far East. Remarks. This species was first described as E. rufipes Wiedemann, 1830 from “Ural” of Russia, which is a preoccupied name (Shamshev 2016). In addition, Collin (1941) described E. pachymorion as E. indissimilis from the south of the Russian Far East. Shamshev (2017) provided a key to species of Anacrostichus including E. pachymorion.Published as part of Shamshev, Igor V., 2020, Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922, pp. 532-548 in Zootaxa 4758 (3) on pages 533-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/373473

Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922

Shamshev, Igor V. (2020): Notes on species of Empididae (Diptera) described by R. Frey from the Swedish Kamchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922. Zootaxa 4758 (3): 532-548, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4758.3.