Crew interactions were facilitated by a core group.

<p>During de-briefs, each crewmember was asked to report the two crewmembers interacted with most frequently during the mission. Arrows pointing to a crewmember indicate the number of times he was mentioned by others; those pointing away designate with whom he indicated he most often interacted. Circle size indicates the frequency with which a crewmember was identified as interacted with most frequently.</p

Inter-individual differences in psychological measures.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093298#pone-0093298-t002" target="_blank"><b>Table 2</b></a><b>:</b> Superscript letters a–f indicate a significant difference to the respective crewmember at α = 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for post-hoc tests. All scales were transformed to a 0 to 100 range. A score of 100 represents the maximal expression (e.g., maximal depression, maximal tension-anxiety, maximal unhappiness). Standard errors are reported in parenthesis. P-value for the main effect of crewmember is reported in the last column. POMS: Profile of Mood States Short Form; ICC: Intra-class Correlation;</p><p>* indicates that the respective crewmember answered 0 on all items throughout the whole mission.</p

Perceived conflicts throughout the simulated Mars mission.

<p>The number of conflicts with mission control (left panel) and other crewmembers (middle panel) were counted for 30-day periods relative to a 30-day period surrounding the landing on Mars between mission days 244 and 273. One conflict was counted if the crewmember recorded either a current conflict and/or a conflict in the past seven days. Conflicts (reported once weekly) with mission control peaked during the Mars landing period, were lower in the second half compared to the first half of the mission (dashed lines represent averages over pre- and post-landing periods), and were reported more often than conflicts among crewmembers. The right panel shows the cumulative number of weeks with conflicts relative to time in mission by crewmember. The majority of conflicts were reported by crewmembers <i>e</i> and <i>f</i>.</p

Effects of time-in-mission on psychological measures.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093298#pone-0093298-t001" target="_blank"><b>Table 1</b></a><b>:</b> Superscript number 1–4 indicate a significant difference to the respective mission quarter at α = 0.05 after Bonferroni correction of post-hoc tests. All scales were transformed to a 0 to 100 range. A score of 100 represents the maximal expression (e.g., maximal depression, maximal tension-anxiety, maximal unhappiness, etc.). Standard errors are reported in parenthesis. P-value for the main effect of mission quarter is reported in the last column. POMS: Profile of Mood States Short Form.</p