Additional file 1: of Updated carrier rates for c.35delG (GJB2) associated with hearing loss in Russia and common c.35delG haplotypes in Siberia

Table S1. With detailed data on c.35delG carrier frequencies on the territory of Russia and in some countries of the former Soviet Union which were obtained from all available papers published up to 2018. This file also includes list of references for Table S1. (DOCX 42 kb

Histopathological changes in livers of mice infected with the rSA51, wt Entebbe, or wt OS7 strains of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) at 2 days post infection (dpi).

<p>Mice intraperitoneally infected with 1x10³ PFU of rSA51 (A–C), wt Entebbe clone 4 (D–F), or wt OS7 (G–I) were euthanized at 2 dpi. A mouse intraperitoneally mock-infected with PBS (J–L) was used as a control. Liver tissues, which were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks, were used for histopathological examinations. Thin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining (A, D, G, and J). Corresponding lesions were also incubated with anti-RVFV N rabbit polyclonal antibody to analyze immunohistochemistry (IHC; B, E, H, and K). Specific signals (red) derived from Vector Red Alkaline Phosphatase substrate were detected via the streptavidin-biotin method using the UltraVision Alk-Phos kit. Quantification of the area of positive signals normalized to the tissue area in each IHC image was performed via FIJI Image J software after color deconvolution (C, F, I, and L). Arrowheads (A, D, and G) indicate Councilman bodies, and inset images (A, D, and G) show hepatocytes with filamentous eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (arrows). C = central vein; P = portal vein. Bars represent 50 μm.</p

Histopathological changes of spleens in mice infected with rSA51, wt Entebbe, or wt OS7 strains of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) at 2 days post infection (dpi).

<p>Mice intraperitoneally infected with 1x10³ PFU of rSA51 (A–C), wt Entebbe (D–F), or wt OS7 (G–I) were euthanized at 2 dpi. A mouse intraperitoneally mock-infected with PBS (J–L) was used as a control. Spleen sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining (A, D, G, and J). Corresponding lesions were also incubated with anti-RVFV N rabbit polyclonal antibody to analyze immunohistochemistry (IHC; B, E, H, and K). Quantification of the area of positive signals normalized to the tissue area in each IHC image is also shown (C, F, I, and L). Arrowheads (A) indicate necrotic area in the marginal zone. Rp = red pulp; Fo = follicle; Mz = marginal zone. Bars represent 50 μm.</p

Passage histories of wild-type RVFV strain stocks.

<p>Passage histories of wild-type RVFV strain stocks.</p

Replication kinetics of recombinant South Africa 1951 (rSA51) and Zinga (rZinga) strains in culture cells.

<p>(A–B) Replication kinetics of recombinant ZH501 (rZH501), rSA51, and rZinga strains or wt ZH501 or wt SA51 strains in human lung diploid MRC-5 cells (A) or sheep kidney OA4.K/S1 cells (B). Cells were infected with RVFV at MOI 0.01. Infectious virus titers (plaque-forming units, PFU) were determined by plaque assay.</p

Virulence of wild-type (wt) Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) strains in mice.

<p>Five-week-old outbred CD1 mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1x10³ PFU of nine different wt RVFV strains: (A) ZH501, Kenya 199800523, Kenya 90058, Saudi Arabia 200010911, Entebbe, or SA51; (B) OS1, OS7, or SA75. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves (n = 10 per group) of infected mice are shown. Asterisks represent the statistically significant differences based on log-rank testing (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, vs. ZH501).</p

Virulence of recombinant South Africa 1951 (rSA51) and rZH501 strains in mice.

<p>Five-week-old outbred female mice (n = 10 per group) were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1x10⁰, 1x10¹, 1x10², or 1x10³ PFU of rZH501 or rSA51 strain, or 1x10³ PFU of wt ZH501 or wt SA51 strains. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves of mice infected with the rZH501 or wt ZH501 strain (A) or rSA51 or wt SA51 strain (B) are shown.</p