Study Wetting Coal Dust Fraction of Particles of Surfactant Solutions

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований и теоретическое обоснование по смачиванию растворами поверхностно-активных веществ частиц углей фракций малых размеров. На основе физической модели экспериментального опыта по смачиванию частиц угля показано, что в результате измельчений угля от крупных кусков до пылеобразного состояния существенно изменяются структурные и поверхностные свойства угля, что приводит к существенному изменению механических, физико-химических свойств углейThe results of experimental studies and theoretical basis for wetting solutions surfactants coal particles of small size fractions. On the basis of a physical model on experimental experience shows wetting of the coal particles, resulting from pulverized coal lumps pulverized state to substantially change the structural and surface properties of the coal, which leads to a substantial change in the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of coa

Religious Groups and Their Influence on Interstate Relations (The Case of U.S.-Israel Relations)

The impact of interest groups on foreign policy of the state up until today has not received substantial attention in the theory of international relations. In particular, activities of the entities shaped by the common religious affiliation of their members lack assessment in the academic literature. Meanwhile, their mobilization in the recent decades became significant aspect of political life both in developing and developed countries. The activity of religious groups in the United States forced deep transformation of the national political landscape, as they desire to affect not only internal debate, but external policies as well. Among other issues attention of such social and political bodies is also focused on the situation in the middle East. Their proactive standing facilitated advancement of the partnership between the United States and Israel, including growth of American diplomatic and military aid to Tel-Aviv. The supporters of such policy include not only small, but well organized Jewish community, but also representatives of the conservative Evangelical Protestants, which constitute the most numerous religious group in the U.S. Despite the fact that leaders of both group often use theological reasons to justify their support for Israel, the real motivation of the most regular members is primarily humanitarian and pragmatic. The diversity of the Pro-Israeli groups promotes bipartisan support of cooperation between the two countries, and enabled creation of both Democratic and Republican lobby on this issue. However the growing criticism of the current policy of Tel-Aviv on behalf of some of the adherents of American-Israeli cooperation leads to the erosion of impact of these groups

Religious Groups and Their Influence on Interstate Relations (The Case of U.S.-Israel Relations)

The impact of interest groups on foreign policy of the state up until today has not received substantial attention in the theory of international relations. In particular, activities of the entities shaped by the common religious affiliation of their members lack assessment in the academic literature. Meanwhile, their mobilization in the recent decades became significant aspect of political life both in developing and developed countries. The activity of religious groups in the United States forced deep transformation of the national political landscape, as they desire to affect not only internal debate, but external policies as well. Among other issues attention of such social and political bodies is also focused on the situation in the middle East. Their proactive standing facilitated advancement of the partnership between the United States and Israel, including growth of American diplomatic and military aid to Tel-Aviv. The supporters of such policy include not only small, but well organized Jewish community, but also representatives of the conservative Evangelical Protestants, which constitute the most numerous religious group in the U.S. Despite the fact that leaders of both group often use theological reasons to justify their support for Israel, the real motivation of the most regular members is primarily humanitarian and pragmatic. The diversity of the Pro-Israeli groups promotes bipartisan support of cooperation between the two countries, and enabled creation of both Democratic and Republican lobby on this issue. However the growing criticism of the current policy of Tel-Aviv on behalf of some of the adherents of American-Israeli cooperation leads to the erosion of impact of these groups

Comparative analysis of the Russian foreign policy priorities and research interests of the national academic community

Assessment of the correlation in priorities of the academic community and national foreign policy represents not only an intriguing research question by itself, but also an important practical task. As the governmental bodies remain the main source of demand for professionals and research in International Relations, such analysis could create a foundation for the status and material aspirations of scholars. Nevertheless, there were no systematic attempts to assess the abovementioned correlation on the basis of the sufficient empirical data. The current article is aimed to stimulate discussion regarding the connections between policy and academic priorities through providing comparative analysis of the major directions in Russian official documents and topics covered in PhD theses on International Politics. The analysis covers the period from the early 1990s until 2016. The use of PhD theses as an object for the current study is justified by their reflection of long-term research orientations, significant multiplying effect on higher education and academic publications, as well as define transition of young specialists from students to members of the professional community. The article proves that thematical preferences of the PhD theses, prepared in 2000s and 2010s, to a great extent correlate with the priorities defined by the Russian Concepts of foreign policy. However, they underrepresent several important policy directions, siuch as arms control, political aspects of global innovation system and international relations in the Post-Soviet space and in the Asia Pacific

FOREIGN POLICY EXPERTISE IN THE U.S.

American expert community emerged as an influential component of the national political establishment and is able to affect significantly foreign policy of the country. The article seeks to analyze the current state of the foreign policy expertize in the U.S. It identifies functional objective determining activities of the expert community, related both to the clarification of foreign policy ideology and to the achieving greater efficiency in foreign policy. The author also studies the issues related to funding of expertise, including the amount of accumulated financial resources and numerous private sources it comes from. Finally, he examines the foreign policy discourse in the U.S., defined by competing approaches developed by multiple think tankers

American strategy towards the world order after the Cold War. Digest of World Politics

After the end of the Cold War, the United States emerged as a country with the greatest economic and military capabilities, which was eager to play an active role in restructuring institutions of international order. This article aims to assess the U. S. record from the 1990s till mid — 2010s in global governance, assessing the main changes in its strategy during this period. The paper is organized mainly in accordance with a chronological principle. However, considerations on the American policies are preceded by the exploration of the theoretical discussion on the main contradictions in the attitude of major powers towards international orders. After that, the strategies of three U. S. administrations dealing with global economic regulation and institutions for maintaining international security are consistently analyzed. The paper demonstrates that during the last quarter of a century the United States pursued a wide range of policies towards international institutions. The environment in which Washington conducted its foreign policy changed dramatically, reducing its ability to direct the restructuring of international norms. Nevertheless, the U. S. approach, at least in part, was shaped by the strategic choices made by its leadership. Moreover, Washington’s policies throughout this period clearly diverged from expectations set in the theoretical literature as they included a major revisionist component

Evaluation of tte International System In Russian Official Discourse and Academic Analysis

The article draws a comparison between Russian official and expert foreign policy discourses, focusing on representations of the power balance and relations between major states as the defining features of international system. The author attempts to identify actual and potential contribution of academics in the Russian foreign policy thinking. Conceptual documents and programme statements of national leadership elevate the notion of 'polycentric world' as a value in itself, which guides national actions on international arena. Although, until the late 2000s its rise was perceived as a welcome, but remote prospect, since the U.S. failures in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as global financial crisis expectations regarding it construction increased. They are accompanied, however, by a more critical appraisal of the concept. The mainstream Russian expert community shares normative appreciation of the polycentric global system as an intrinsic good. It also nourishes expectations of its emergence with almost inevitable certainty. Most of the time, it does not take into account concerns incorporated in the Western IR theories, regarding destabilizing effect of competition between multiple centers of power. The article demonstrates that both Russian political leadership and expert community perceive polycentric system as an international 'great power concert', which is just one and relatively rare form of it. It requires not only virtual parity in capabilities of several players, but also the lack of serious disputes among them. Meanwhile, in the Russia academic community there is a place for a critical tradition, which associates current decentralization of the international system with its chaotization and weakening governance. In recent years this approach gains additional prominence. However, the Russian debates on global order lacks more elaborated discussion regarding sources of power in international system as well as explanation of the binding ties, which would facilitate creation of concert rather than competition among emerging powers

Nondipole effects in double photoionization of He at 450 eV excess energy

Convergent close-coupling results for the triply differential cross section for double photoionization of He that include dipole–quadrupole terms are shown to have improved agreement (as compared to dipole approximation results) with recent experiments using linearly polarized light (Knapp A et al 2005 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 615) for a number of kinematical configurations

Parametrizations and dynamical analysis of angle-integrated cross sections for double photoionization including nondipole effects

Similarly to differential cross sections for one-electron photoionization, the doubly differential cross section for double photoionization (DPI) may be conveniently described by four parameters: the singly differential (with respect to energy sharing) cross section (sigma0), the dipole asymmetry parameter (beta), and two nondipole asymmetry parameters (gamma and delta). Here we derive two model-independent representations for these parameters for DPI from a 1S0 atomic bound state: (i) in terms of one-dimensional integrals of the polarization-invariant DPI amplitudes and (ii) in terms of the exact two-electron reduced matrix elements. For DPI of He at excess energies, Eexc, of 100 eV, 450 eV, and 1 keV, we present numerical results for the asymmetry parameters within the framework of the convergent close-coupling theory and compare them with results of lowest-order (in the interelectron interaction) perturbation theory (LOPT). The results for Eexc=1 keV exhibit a nondipole asymmetry that is large enough to be easily measured experimentally. We find excellent agreement between our LOPT results and other theoretical predictions and experimental data for total cross sections and ratios of double to single ionization cross sections for K-shell DPI from several multielectron atoms