103 research outputs found
Surface of metal as an indicator of fatigue damage
Advances in Military Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, December 2013The possibility of fatigue damage analysis by the extrusion/intrusion structures on the surface of aluminium alloy is shown. Quantitative characteristics of the extrusion/intrusion structures and the methods for their monitoring are substantiated. Two approaches for fatigue analysis are presented: a) direct inspection of the aircraft components, b) application of fatigue sensors
Surface roughness effect on ultracold neutron interaction with a wall and implications for computer simulations
We review the diffuse scattering and the loss coefficient in ultracold
neutron reflection from slightly rough surfaces, report a surprising reduction
in loss coefficient due to roughness, and discuss the possibility of transition
from quantum treatment to ray optics. The results are used in a computer
simulation of neutron storage in a recent neutron lifetime experiment that
re-ported a large discrepancy of neutron lifetime with the current particle
data value. Our partial re-analysis suggests the possibility of systematic
effects that were not included in this publication.Comment: 39 pages, 9 figures; additional calculations include
Surface of metal as an indicator of fatigue damage
Advances in Military Technology, Vol. 8, No. 2, December 2013The possibility of fatigue damage analysis by the extrusion/intrusion structures on the surface of aluminium alloy is shown. Quantitative characteristics of the extrusion/intrusion structures and the methods for their monitoring are substantiated. Two approaches for fatigue analysis are presented: a) direct inspection of the aircraft components, b) application of fatigue sensors
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
The main purpose of the article is to compare and analyze existing technologies for extracting carbon dioxide from combustion products in relation to mini-CHP plants operating on local fuels. The article presents a brief overview of the main technical features of the implementation of carbon dioxide extraction technologies from gas mixtures. The specific features and limitations for each of the methods are shown. Mathematical modeling of technological processes of adsorption, physical and chemical absorption is carried out on the basis of Aspen Hysys and Aspen Adsorption software packages. When modeling absorption processes, the composition of combustion products characteristic of the actual operating conditions of an energy source on wood chips was considered, while for the adsorption process, the composition of combustion products was simulated by a binary mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen with a molar content of 11 and 89 %, respectively. The results of numerical research that were obtained have shown that the highest degree of carbon dioxide extraction from combustion products is 97 %, and it is achieved in the optimal mode of implementation of chemical absorption technology. With the same method, the highest degree of purity of the resulting carbon dioxide is observed, viz. 86 % taking into account water vapor and 99 % if it is dry. The least effective technology for extracting carbon dioxide was the method of physical absorption in a fixed bed, in which the degree of purity of the resulting dry carbon dioxide was 79 %. Therefore, for practical use in the deep utilization of combustion products of mini-CHP plants operating on local fuels, to obtain carbon dioxide with a low content of impurities, it is necessary to apply the method of chemical absorption. The use of physical absorption technology in a fixed bed can be used to reduce energy source emissions or in cases where the degree of purity of carbon dioxide does not matter.ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Aspen Hysys ΠΈ Aspen Adsorption Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 11 ΠΈ 89 % ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 97 % ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°: 86 % Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ 99 % ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 79 %. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Within the framework of the policy of βdecarbonizationβ of the economy, a technology for hydrogen producing from local fuels (LF) and combustible waste of human activity is proposed as a part of the development of the functionality of heating cycles of energy production. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the energy efficiency of a steam-powered mini-CHP plant operating on local fuels with a thermochemical hydrogen production module. A brief literature review of thermochemical cycles of hydrogen production is presented, and it is shown that hybrid copper-chlorine CuβCl cycles are recognized as the most promising. In the Aspen Hysys software environment, a mathematical model of a mini-CHP plant with a five-stage hydrogen production cycle was synthesized, which can later be used as a component in the digital twin. According to the results of the analysis of the mathematical model, it was determined that the specific consumption of electric energy per 1 kg of hydrogen for such a scheme will be 9.11 (kWΓh)/kg, which is on average more than five times less than in the production of hydrogen by electrolysis, the rest of the required energy is replaced by thermal one, while the maximum fuel utilization factor of mini-CHP with a hydrogen production module using wood waste as fuel amounted to 83.1 %, including a thermal efficiency of 51.5 %, the efficiency of hydrogen production at the lowest calorific value is 31Β %, the electrical efficiency for the supply of electricity to the grid is 0.6 %. For comparison, the maximum fuel utilization of a steam-powered mini-CHP of the same electrical capacity reaches 90.9 %. The expansion of mini-CHP options operating on local fuels by introducing a hydrogen production unit by hybrid thermochemical method into its scheme makes it possible to increase the maneuverability of the station, which implies the possibility of organizing the operation of mini-CHP in accordance with the requirements of thermal consumers and electrical graph-reducing the loads of the power system during the hours of maxima and minima of its consumption by changing the electrical power supply to the network or increasing the power consumption of electricity from the external network to the power required for hydrogen production. In conclusion, the possibility of developing the studied scheme of a mini-CHP operating on local fuels towards further utilization of combustion products in order to generate artificial natural gas, which in this case can be called βgreenβ, is indicated.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Ρ-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡ CuβCl. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Aspen Hysys Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 1 ΠΊΠ³ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ 9,11 (ΠΊΠΡβΡ)/ΠΊΠ³, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 83,1Β %, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 51,5 %, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ β 31%, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡ β 0,6 %. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ 90,9Β %. Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΌΒ»
Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons
Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to
measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a
material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was
deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different
surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of
fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment,
the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any
experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of
that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime
obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental
measurement to date.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures,changed conten
Coherent Schwinger Interaction from Darboux Transformation
The exactly solvable scalar-tensor potential of the four-component Dirac
equation has been obtained by the Darboux transformation method. The
constructed potential has been interpreted in terms of nucleon-nucleon and
Schwinger interactions of neutral particles with lattice sites during their
channeling Hamiltonians of a Schwinger type is obtained by means of the Darboux
transformation chain. The analitic structure of the Lyapunov function of
periodic continuation for each of the Hamiltonians of the family is considered.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, six figures; six sections, one figure adde
Π ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ
. Within the framework of ensuring the country's energy security and pursuing a policy of decarbonization of the economy in the Republic of Belarus, it is assumed to maximize the use of its own fuel and energy resources (TER). However, the question of choosing the type of heat source in centralized heat supplyΒ systems when using local fuels (LF) remains open. Β The commissioning of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant and the relatively high unit cost of power generation capacities running on LF inclines the scales to use boiler houses as heat sources. Based on the world experience in the development and application of heating as the most energy-efficient solution in the field of heat supply, this problem has been studied in the conditions of Belarus. It is shown that the electric capacity of mini-thermal power plants using traditional LF connected to the unified system of the country is less than 100 MW, and the main technologies implemented at mini-thermal power plants using LF in the Republic of Belarus are traditional steam power plants with water steam as the working fluid (11 power plants) and steam power plant with organic Rankine cycle (ORC) (3 power plants). Geographically, mini- thermal power plants operating on LF are located evenly throughout the entire territory of the Republic of Belarus. The number of hours of use of the installed capacity of renewable energy sources (RES) of the Republic of Belarus has been determined. Energy sources based on organic waste and biomass (over 4,000 hours per year) and on hydro resources (about 3,500 hours per year) have a clear advantage, for which indicator of the number of hours of installed capacity use is much higher than for solar and wind power installations. In addition, biomass generating capacities have the lowest coefficient of electricity supply to the combined Β energy system. Based on the analysis of modern trends in the development of energy, technical and economic βattractiveness factorsβ for the construction of heating systems for heat supply on LF in the conditions of Belarus have been formulated, which, in addition to traditional factors (substitution of imported fuel β natural gas and oil), include improvement of the quality and reliability of energy supply to consumers in remote locations, development of polygeneration, reduction of losses Β of electric energy for its transport, participation in covering the electric load schedule of the unified power system, and also indicated the possibility of creating an energy hub on the basis of a mini-thermal power plant, structured for the integration Β of energy sub-sectors, distributed generation sources and the option of generating βgreenβ energy carriers.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² (Π’ΠΠ ). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° (ΠΠΠ’). ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ’, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 100 ΠΠΡ, Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’ Β Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ‘Π£ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° (11 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ) ΠΈ ΠΠ‘Π£ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ Π¦) (3 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π―Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ (ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ 4000 Ρ/Π³ΠΎΠ΄) ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
(ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 3500 Ρ/Π³ΠΎΠ΄), Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° β ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ), ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°Π±Π°, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ
Β» ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Π ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
As part of ensuring the country's energy security and pursuing a policy of decarbonization of the economy in the Republic of Belarus, the maximum use of its own fuel and energy resources (FER) is expected. However, the questionΒ of choosing the type of heat source in centralized heat supply systems when using local fuels (LF) remains open. The commissioning of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant and the relatively high specific cost of electricity generating capacities using local fuels tip the scales to the use of boiler houses as heat sources. However, world experience in the development and application of heating, as the most energy-efficient solution in the field of heat supply, requires a more thorough study of this problem. The paper presents an overview of the use of local fuels in Belarus and a number of European countries with developed centralized heat supply. Based on the analysis of open source data, the paper provides information on the state of use of local fuels in district heating systems of the Republic of Belarus and a number of European countries that have experience in the widespread use of solid biomass and where it constitutes a significant share in the structure of thermal and electrical energy production in relation to other fuel and energy resources. The main aspects of the energy programs of a number of European countries with the largest share of thermal and electrical energy generation using local fuels are presented. It has been revealed that the energy program of Finland is of the greatest interest for Belarus, where the share of nuclear energy in the structure of electrical energy production, just like in the Republic of Belarus, is approaching to 40 % and the energy strategy assumes an increase in the share of thermal power plants using local fuels in the structure of heat and electricity generation.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² (Π’ΠΠ ). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° (ΠΠΠ’). ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π’ΠΠ . ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ 40 % ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π’ΠΠ¦ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ’ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Entanglement production with multimode Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
Deep optical lattices are considered, in each site of which there are many
Bose-condensed atoms. By the resonant modulation of trapping potentials it is
possible to transfer a macroscopic portion of atoms to the collective nonlinear
states corresponding to topological coherent modes. Entanglement can be
generated between these modes. By varying the resonant modulating field it is
possible to effectively regulate entanglement production in this multimode
multitrap system of Bose condensates.Comment: Latex file, 16 pages, 7 figure
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