110 research outputs found
Reversibility of the catalytic ketonization of carboxylic acids and of beta-keto acids decarboxylation
Decarboxylation of beta-keto acids in enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis has been considered in the literature as an irreversible reaction due to a large positive entropy change. We report here experimental evidence for its reversibility in heterogeneous catalysis by solid metal oxide(s) surfaces. Ketones and carboxylic acids having 13C-labeled carbonyl group undergo 13C/12C exchange when heated in an autoclave in the presence of 12CO2 and ZrO2 catalyst. In the case of ketones, the carbonyl group exchange with CO2 serves as evidence for the reversibility of all steps of the catalytic mechanism of carboxylic acids ketonic decarboxylation, i.e. enolization, condensation, dehydration and decarboxylation
Clinical case of crohn's disease in pediatric practice
The purpose of the study is to study the clinical features and course of Crohn's disease in a child with a manifestation during puberty.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Biblical phrases in medical terminology
The article describes medical terminology, which owes its origin to the Bible. Etymological analysis of biblical phrases is carried out; the features of their use in modern terminology are revealed. We have identified 3 groups of biblical phrases: individual terms, phraseological units of eponymous origin and phraseological collocations that reflect the realities of the biblical plot, which are actively used in modern terminology. Out-of-use biblical phrases are considered.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ 3 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² β ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Identification of prostate-enriched proteins by in-depth proteomic analyses of expressed prostatic secretions in urine
Urinary expressed prostatic secretion or \u201cEPS-urine\u201d is proximal tissue fluid
that is collected after a digital rectal exam (DRE). EPS-urine is a rich source of prostatederived proteins that can be used for biomarker discovery for prostate cancer (PCa) and other prostatic diseases. We previously conducted a comprehensive proteome analysis of direct expressed prostatic secretions (EPS). In the current study, we defined the proteome of EPS-urine employing Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and
providing a comprehensive catalogue of this body fluid for future biomarker studies. We
identified 1022 unique proteins in a heterogeneous cohort of 11 EPS-urines derived from biopsy negative noncancer diagnoses with some benign prostatic diseases (BPH) and lowgrade PCa, representative of secreted prostate and immune system-derived proteins in a
urine background. We further applied MudPIT-based proteomics to generate and compare
the differential proteome from a subset of pooled urines (pre-DRE) and EPS-urines (post-
DRE) from noncancer and PCa patients. The direct proteomic comparison of these highly
controlled patient sample pools enabled us to define a list of prostate-enriched proteins detectable in EPS-urine and
distinguishable from a complex urine protein background. A combinatorial analysis of both proteomics data sets and systematic
integration with publicly available proteomics data of related body fluids, human tissue transcriptomic data, and immunohistochemistry images from the Human Protein Atlas database allowed us to demarcate a robust panel of 49 prostate-derived proteins in EPS-urine. Finally, we validated the expression of seven of these proteins using Western blotting, supporting the likelihood that they originate from the prostate. The definition of these prostatic proteins in EPS-urine samples provides a
reference for future investigations for prostatic-disease biomarker studies
The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023
The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms. Here, we provide an updated overview of the GO knowledgebase, as well as the efforts of the broad, international consortium of scientists that develops, maintains, and updates the GO knowledgebase. The GO knowledgebase consists of three components: (1) the GO-a computational knowledge structure describing the functional characteristics of genes; (2) GO annotations-evidence-supported statements asserting that a specific gene product has a particular functional characteristic; and (3) GO Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs)-mechanistic models of molecular "pathways" (GO biological processes) created by linking multiple GO annotations using defined relations. Each of these components is continually expanded, revised, and updated in response to newly published discoveries and receives extensive QA checks, reviews, and user feedback. For each of these components, we provide a description of the current contents, recent developments to keep the knowledgebase up to date with new discoveries, and guidance on how users can best make use of the data that we provide. We conclude with future directions for the project
Perspectives on tracking data reuse across biodata resources
c The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.Motivation: Data reuse is a common and vital practice in molecular biology and enables the knowledge gathered over recent decades to drive discovery and innovation in the life sciences. Much of this knowledge has been collated into molecular biology databases, such as UniProtKB, and these resources derive enormous value from sharing data among themselves. However, quantifying and documenting this kind of data reuse remains a challenge. Results: The article reports on a one-day virtual workshop hosted by the UniProt Consortium in March 2023, attended by representatives from biodata resources, experts in data management, and NIH program managers. Workshop discussions focused on strategies for tracking data reuse, best practices for reusing data, and the challenges associated with data reuse and tracking. Surveys and discussions showed that data reuse is widespread, but critical information for reproducibility is sometimes lacking. Challenges include costs of tracking data reuse, tensions between tracking data and open sharing, restrictive licenses, and difficulties in tracking commercial data use. Recommendations that emerged from the discussion include: development of standardized formats for documenting data reuse, education about the obstacles posed by restrictive licenses, and continued recognition by funding agencies that data management is a critical activity that requires dedicated resources
The Gene Ontology resource: enriching a GOld mine
The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) provides the most comprehensive resource currently available for computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Here, we report the advances of the consortium over the past two years. The new GO-CAM annotation framework was notably improved, and we formalized the model with a computational schema to check and validate the rapidly increasing repository of 2838 GO-CAMs. In addition, we describe the impacts of several collaborations to refine GO and report a 10% increase in the number of GO annotations, a 25% increase in annotated gene products, and over 9,400 new scientific articles annotated. As the project matures, we continue our efforts to review older annotations in light of newer findings, and, to maintain consistency with other ontologies. As a result, 20 000 annotations derived from experimental data were reviewed, corresponding to 2.5% of experimental GO annotations. The website (http://geneontology.org) was redesigned for quick access to documentation, downloads and tools. To maintain an accurate resource and support traceability and reproducibility, we have made available a historical archive covering the past 15 years of GO data with a consistent format and file structure for both the ontology and annotations
France in the Vienna System of International Relations (the First Half of The 19 Century)
Abstract: The Vienna system of international relations established at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815, was a real challenge for the French political elite during all subsequent decades. France was a defeated party and was thus morally humiliated. The objective for all French governments after 1815 was to improve the position of France in this new system of international relations, including due to the destabilization and breaking of the Vienna system. In the years of the Restoration in France (1814-1830) a major foreign policy action of the government of Louis XVIII was the intervention in Spain in 1823, which refers to the Spanish revolution of 1820-1823. The French government, reflecting the interests of the European reaction, had hoped to raise these military prestige of France, and consequently to raise the question of the revision of the treatises of Vienna of 1815. Despite the success of the intervention, she has not brought the big political dividends in France. After the July revolution 1830 in France, the foreign policy of France intensified. Leading French politicians defined quite clearly exclusive spheres of influence of France, and in 1832 the French troops invaded Central Italy, capturing the city of Ancona. In 1840, during the second Oriental crisis, the French government has opposed themselves to the rest of Europe for the first time since the Napoleonic wars. Ultimately, the strategic position of France in the middle East was weakened. But the exacerbation of international conflict contributed to the strengthening of the French army and Navy. Further successes of the French diplomacy will be linked to the period of the Second Empire in France, in particular, with the Crimean war, that raised has raised status of France, and the decision of the Italian question in the second half of the 60-ies of the XIX century
Effect of the Correlation Properties of One- and Three-Dimensional Inhomogeneities on the High-Frequency Magnetic Susceptibility of Sinusoidal Superlattices
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